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沪教版九年级第一学期英语上册考点、语法、知识点总结归纳整理

2020-10-13 00:21:44

沪教版九年级英语上册考点、语法、知识点总结归纳整理 Unit1重点单词 golden adj. ['gəʊld(ə)n] 金的;
金色的 *crown n. [kraʊn] 王冠;
皇冠olympics n. [əʊ'lɪmpɪks] 奥运会agreement n. [ə'griːm(ə)nt] 同意;
应允confirmation n.  [kɒnfə'meɪʃ(ə)n] 证实pot n. [pɒt] 罐doubt v. [daʊt] 不能肯定;
对……无把握real adj. [riːl] 真的;
正宗的truth n. [truːθ] 真相;
实情seem  v [siːm] 好像;
似乎solve  v.  [sɒlv] 解决;
处理fill  v.  [fɪl] 装满;
注满bowl  n. [bəʊl] 碗;
盆*displace  v. [dɪs'pleɪs] 取代;
替代less  det [les] 较少的;
更少的metal  n. ['met(ə)l] 金属certain  adj  ['sɜːt(ə)n; -tɪn] 确定的;
肯定的prison      n. ['prɪz(ə)n] 监狱;
牢狱boxing  n.  ['bɒksɪŋ] 拳击(运动)racing  n.  ['reɪsɪŋ] 赛马(运动)*wrestling  n. ['reslɪŋ] 摔跤运动hit (hit, hit) v. [hɪt] (用手或器具)击;
打brave  adj. [breɪv] 勇敢的;
无畏的*punctuation  n. [pʌŋ(k)tʃʊ'eɪʃ(ə)n;  标点符号correct adj. [kə'rekt] 准确无误的;
正确的mistake  n. [mɪ'steɪk] 错误 (be) happy with(对某人或事物)满意的fill...with... 用……把……装满run over 溢出send...to prison 把……关进监狱make sure 确保;
设法保证 Unit1必考短语和句型 ★ 常考短语in ancient Greece 在古希腊(be) happy with (对某人或事物)满意的 = be pleased/satisfied withfill…with…  用……把……装满   think about = consider 考虑;
思考be filled with=be full of 充满;
装满  run over 溢出ask sb for sth 向某人要某物 one…the other… 一个……另一个……send sb to prison 把某人关进监狱           tell the truth 说实话make sure  确保;
设法保证    something else 别的东西both…and…  ……和……都…… be made of +看得见的原材料  由……制成be made from +看不见的原材料  由……制成be made by + sb. 被某人制成 重点知识讲解 1.辨析:win与beat win(won,won) 及物动词   宾语表示比赛、奖品、战争、荣誉等名词 He won the  argument. 不及物动词 意为“获胜” Who won?he  won. Beat(beat,beaten) 及物动词   意为“击败”宾语为比赛或竞争对象   China beat  the United States by  two to one. 不及物动词 意为“(风雨)等拍打;
(心脏)跳动” I felt my  heart beating faster.   2.辨析:else与other else 副词 用于不定代词(anything, something, nothing等)、疑问词(what,who, where)后 other 形容词或代词 做形容词时,放在名词前作定语;
作代词时,常与定冠词the连用,构成one…the  other,表示(两者中)一个……另外一个 Eg:who else will go with us?         Where are the other students?      I have two pens, one is red, and the other is blue.   3.辨析:discover与invent   这两个词都用作及物动词,都指人们首先见到新鲜事物,但含义不同。

discover 发现 指发现或偶然发现原本存在的,但一直未被认识或不为人知的东西 invent 发明 指创造发明出新的、原来并不存在的东西   Recently they discovered gold. 最近他们发现了黄金。

  Edison invented the electric light bulb. 爱迪生发明了电灯泡。

  4.辨析:at first与first ofall at first 起初;
当初 相当于at the beginning,与后来发生的事相对照,其反义词组为at last(最后,终于) first of all 首先,第一 相当于first,表示顺序,是时间上或一系列行动的开始,后面往往接next,then等  At first I didn't want to go, but Isoon changed my mind.  起初我不想去,可是不久我改变了主意。

 First of all, open the windows, then turn off the gas, and if necessary, call an ambulance.  首先,打开窗子,然后关掉煤气,如果需要,叫一辆救护车。

  5.辨析:however与but 二者都有“然而,但是”的意思,其区别如下:
however 然而;
不过 比较正式,可以放在分句之首、之中或之尾;
其前面或后面要用逗号隔开,如在句中,其前后都要加逗号。

but 但是 转折的意味比however要强,从语序上看,but总是置于引出的分句之首。

 It's raining hard, however, they're still working in the field.  雨下得很大,然而他们仍然在地里干活。

 I'd like to go swimming with you, but I have to tidy the garden now.  我很想和你一起去游泳,但是我现在必须整理花园。

  6.辨析:real与true real 强调客观存在,并非想象的或虚构的,即某物外表与实质之间有一致性 Christmas Father isn't a real   person. 圣诞老人不是真实的人物。

true 强调事实与实际情况相符,并非杜撰、捏造的,符合一定标准、一定模式 Is it true that he is dead? 他死了,是真的吗?   7.辨析:be made of与 be made from be made of 看得出原材料 The table is made of wood. 这张桌子是由木头做成的 be made from 看不出原材料 The wine is made from grain. 这酒是用粮食酿造的。

8.辨析:not...any longer/no longer 与 not … any more/no more  not… any longer/no longer:多指时间上不再延续,与之搭配的词多为延续性动词。

not … any more/no more  侧重程度或在数量上不再增加 I don’t want to stay here any more.    The poor boy won’t come any more./the poorboy will no more come.   9.辨析:see sb doing sth与see sb do sth see sb  doing sth 看到某人正在做某事 I saw her  cross the road.(穿过了马路) see sb do  sth   看到某人做了某事,指看到动作发生的全过程或看到动作经常发生 I saw her  crossing the road(正在过马路) 与此相同的词(组):watch, hear, notice, observe, look at, listen to   10.辨析:the next day与next day  the next  day 第二天,常与一般过去式连用 The next  day, all the books were  sold out. next day 明天,常与一般将来时连用 Next day,I  will go shopping with  him.   11.  辨析:dress,wear, put on, have on 与in dress 给(某人)穿衣服 表动作 后接sb./oneself作宾语she dressed  himself quickly. wear 穿着 表状态 后接衣服、首饰、鞋帽等名词we wear   uniforms at school. put on 穿上 表动作 后接衣服,鞋帽等名词please put  on your hat. have on 穿着 表状态 接衣服类名词,宾语是代词时,放中间,不用进行时I have on a  pair of jeans today. in 穿着 表状态 后接表颜色或衣服的名词he’s always  in green shoes. 助记:穿戴动作put on,状态wear已穿上;dress接人作宾语,in 后颜色或衣裳   12.辨析:used to do sth, be used to do sth,与be used to doing sth used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 I used to be afraid of the dark. be used to do sth 被用来做某事 The room is used to have a meeting be /get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 You will soon be/get used to living in  the city.   13.辨析:through  over  across through 穿过;
通过 指从空间内部穿过 The train passed through a tunnel. over 越过 物体上方跨过,无接触面 He jumped over the wall. across 穿过;
横过 物体表面的一边到另一边 We went across the road.   14.辨析:find    findout  look for find 强调“是否找到”这一结果 Have you found your bjike? find out (找出,查明)经过一番努力找到事情的真相 let's find out when the plane will  take off look for 后接寻找的对象,强调寻找这一过程 The girl is looking for her book.   ★解析:
1. At first, he was very happy with it.   be happy with sb./sth 意为“对某人或事物满意的”, =be pleased/satisfied with sb./sth  His teacher is happy with him. 他的老师对他很满意。

 She is happy with what I've done. 她对我做的很满意。

  2. Later, however, he began to doubt that it was a real golden crown.  (1) begin to do sth.意为“开始做某事”,同义词组为begin doing sth.。

 When can I begin to work? 我什么时候能开始工作呢?  When I got there,the singer had already begun singing.  当我到那儿时,歌手已经开始唱歌了。

   (2) doubt此处用作及物动词,意为“不能肯定,对……无把握”。

 He doubts the truth of the news. 他怀疑那件新闻的真实性。

 I don't doubt that she'll come. 她一定来,我不怀疑。

 【拓展】①doubt用作不及物动词,意为“怀疑”,其后常接of,about。

   She doubts about everything. 她对一切都怀疑。

   He doubts of his success. 他怀疑他能否成功。

 ②doubt 后接宾语从句时,名词从句用if/whether引导,名词从句也可用that引导。

I doubt if/whether she will keep her word. 我怀疑她是否会遵守诺言。

I don't doubt thatwe will win.  我们会获胜是没有疑问的                                     ③做名词,意为“怀疑”,固定短语:be in doubt “不肯定,不确定” No doubt 无疑,很可能” without/beyond doubt  毫无疑问,的确   3. “Is it made completely of gold?”he wondered.   wonder 想知道,相当于want to know①后接疑问词引导的宾语从句,从句使用陈述语序。  I wonder who she is. ②后接if/whether 引导的宾语从句,表示委婉的请求或疑问。   I wonder if you would mind giving me a hand.③后接“疑问词+不定式”结构  I am just wondering how to do it.拓展:wonder 做动词,还可意为“感到惊异”,可与at/about连用 I don’t wonder at his words.wonder 作为可数名词,意为“奇迹;
奇观”   4.“This problem seems difficult to solve. What should I do?”thought Archimedes.  (1)seem用作连系动词,意为“似乎,好像”,后常接形容词作表语,可以和seem to be和It seems/seemed that…相互转换。

  He seems very angry. = He seems to be very angry. 他好像非常生气。

  用作实意动词,可接to dosth     He seems to sing. 他似乎在唱歌。

(2)solve  vt  solution n the solution(s) to ,意为……的解决办法   5. Archimedes was still thinking about this problem as he filled his bath with water.   fill…with…  意为“用……把……装满”,其被动语态形式为be filled with,相当于be full of   6.weigh  “称……重量;
重”其名词形式为 weight    Please weigh the bananas for me. / she weighs 60 kilos./it’s about 76 kilos in weight.    Some gold of the same weight    the same…as…与…相同的(……)   I bought the same car as yours./ this bowl is the same as that one.   7. …so I'm certain that it's not completely made of gold.   certain用作形容词,意为“确定的,肯定的”。

  常用结构:
  ①be certain+从句  一定……   I'm not certain where he lives. 我不敢肯定他住在哪儿。

  ②be certain to do sth.  肯定要做某事    He is certain to finish the task ontime.  他肯定会按时完成任务。

  ③be certain of/about sth.  对……确信,有把握   We're certain of success.  我们有把握成功。

  ④be certain of doing sth.  有把握做某事   He is certain of winning the match.  他确信能赢这场比赛。

  8. send sb to prison/take sb. to prison“把……关进监狱”     in prison 坐牢,服刑   9. go ahead  开始吧  其主要用法 ①表示同意或允许,意为“说吧,做吧,进行吧”②继续……吧   Go ahead, we are all listening.③表示请对方先走或先做某事,意为“你先走一步;
你先请”You go ahead and tell him that we’re coming soon.   10. What'swrong with it?   What's wrong (with sb./sth)?是用来询问“某人发生了什么事情或某物出了什么    毛病/故障”等最常用的句型之一。其同义句型为:What's the matte/trouble with...?    What's wrong with you?  你怎么了(出什么事了)?   11. That's why I'm angry.     That's why... 意为“那就是……的原因”,why引导的是表语从句,用陈述语序。

  表语从句是在句中作表语的从句,常位于连系动词be, look等的后面。

  The alarm clock didn't go off.  That's why he was late for school   12. be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事 allow sb to do sth. 允许某人做某事  allow doing sth. 允许做某事He allows smoking here.our teacher allowed us to go out for a walk.   13. However, Helen, abrave woman, wanted towatch her son run.   watch sb. do sth意为“看某人做了某事或经常做某事”,表示看见动作发生、进行的全过程。其中do为省略to的不定式,作宾语补足语。

  I watched her go out of the room just now. 刚才我看到她从房间里出来了。

注意:Watch sb. doing sth. 意为“看某人正在做某事”,表示看见动作正在进行。其中doing为现在分词,作宾语补足语。      He stopped to watch us working. 他停下来看我们干活。

  【拓展】和watch用法相同的动词(组)还有see, hear, make, feel, notice, look at 等。

  Did you hearJ ack call you? 你听见杰克叫你了吗?(动作结束) We often hear the girl sing English songs.   我们经常挺大了那个女孩唱英文歌曲。(动作经常发生)   I heard the song wind blowing when it was raining heavily.   下大雨的时候我听见狂风呼啸。(动作正在进行)    14. When you have written something, you should check your work to make sure the spelling, grammar and punctuation are all correct.  (1) make sure意为“确保,设法保证”,后可接宾语从句或of短语。同义短语:be sure/be certain  Make sure that they know nothing about our plan. 绝对不能让他们知道我们的计划。

 They scored another goal and make sure of victory. 他们又进了一个球,这就赢定了。

 (2) correct 此处用作形容词(=right),意为“正确的”,其副词为correctly(正确地)。

   15. go down 用法 ①(船等)下沉,沉没 their ship went down during an accident. ②(日,月)落下 the sun has gone down. ③沿着…走 just go straight down that street. 16. …write what kind of mistake it is…   mistake 用作可数名词,意为“错误”, 常用短语:make a mistake /mistakes 犯错;

 by mistake 错误地    You've made several grammatical mistakes in the composition.  I got on the wrong bus by mistake. 我搭错了公共汽车。

 【拓展】mistake(mistook,mistaken)还可用作动词,意为“弄错,搞错”。

常用短语:mistake… for …   “把…误认为…”  She didn't speak very clearly, so I mistook what she said.  她说话不是很清楚,所以我误解了她的意思。

 He is often mistaken for a famous actor.      we often mistake him for a famous actor. 他常常被误认为是个名演员。

  17. However, no one could find as cale large enough.  ①enough此处用作副词,意为“足够地”,修饰形容词或副词时,要放在其后。

   He runs quickly enough. 他跑得足够快。      It's warm enough in the room. 屋子里够暖和了。

 ②adv/adj+enough+(for+名词/代词+)todo sth.,意为“…足够…做某事”。可与“so…that+肯定句”进行同义句转换。

  The box is light enough for the boy to carry. 这个箱子足够轻,这个男孩能搬动。  ③“not+adj/adv+enoughto so sth”不够……不能做某事,可与“too…to do sth”进行同义句转换 the boy is not old enough to look after himself=the boy is too young to look after himself.    18. be taken off 是take…off的被动语态,take…off意为“领走;
带走;
使…离开” 19. own  vt 拥有  adj.自己的 my own pen   owner  物主 the owner of ……的主人 20. It’s believed that ……人们相信     It is said that …… 据说……         it is reported that…… 据报道    It is known that ……众所周知……       it is supposed /thought that ……人们认为 Unit1 必考语法 语法:反意疑问句及句子的类型 一、反意疑问句:
   1、含义:反意疑问句又叫特殊疑问句,它是在陈述句之后附加一个简短的问句,对陈述句所叙述的事实提出疑问或征求意见。

    2、构成:由两部分构成,前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简略的疑问句。遵循“前肯后否,前否后肯”的原则。前后两部分在人称、数、时态等方面必须保持一致。附加疑问部分通常由两个词组成,第一个词是be动词、情态动词、或助动词,若是否定式,通常用上述词与not的缩略形式;
第二个词是指代陈述部分主语的人称代词主格。

    3.答语:遵循一个原则,不管问题的提法如何,只要事实是肯定的,就用“yes,肯定回答”;
只要事实是否定的,就用“No,否定回答”。但在前否后肯的反意疑问句中,其答语与汉语翻译不同,Yes 要翻译成“不”,No 要翻译成“是”。

     You will never forget him, will you?   Yes, I will. 不,我会      No,No I won’t. 是的,我不会   4. 特殊用法:反意疑问句的特殊用法 (1)陈述部分为I am......时,疑问部分用aren’t.      例:I am late, aren’t I?                          I am a teacher, aren’t I ?   (2)当陈述部分的主语是everyone, someone, anyone, no one, nobody等不定代词时,疑问部分的主语可用he,也可用they.        例:No one wants to do it, doesn’t he / don’t they?   (3)当陈述部分主语是something, everything, anything, nothing等表示物的不定代词时,附加疑问部分的主语要用it.       例:Everything will be all right, won’t it?          Something must be done to end the strike, mustn’t it   (4)当陈述部分带有seldom, hardly, never, few, little, nothing, nobody等否定词时,疑问部分宜用肯定式.     例:She seldom goes to school late, does she?   (5)当陈述部分中有否定前缀或后缀的否定词时,疑问部分仍用否定式.      例:She dislikes her boyfriend, doesn’t she?              She is careless in writing, isn’t she?   (6)当陈述部分是一个祈使句时,不管是肯定还是否定,附加疑问部分一般用will you。当陈述部分以Let’s...开头,疑问部分用shall we?但以“Let us…”开头的,附加疑问部分常用will you?           例:Let’s have acup of Chinese tea, shall we?               Let us go to the supermarket, will you?      在肯定的祈使句后,还可以用won’t you.   (7) 当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this,that或these,those时,附加疑问部分的主语分别用it或they。          例:This is your book, isn’t it?   (8)当陈述部分是带有宾语从句的主从结构,疑问部分的助动词和主语应与主句的主谓要一致,但当句中部分是I think.../I suppose…/Ibelieve...等结构时,疑问部分助动词主语则与that从句中的主、谓保持一致. 例:They said that I was right, didn’t they?       I don’t think you have done it, have you?   (9)当陈述部分的主语是动词不定式或动名词时,附加疑问词部分的主语是it   e.g: To work hard is important, isn’t it?   (10)陈述部分为there be 结构时,附加疑问部分中仍用there   e.g: There’s something wrong, isn’t there?   (11)当陈述部分带有used to, 附加疑问部分既可用usedn’t 或didn’t的相应形式.     例:He usedn’t smoke, used he?              He didn’t use to smoke, did he?   (12)当陈述部分是had better,疑问部分应用had/hadn’t ;若陈述部分为would like…和would rather…, 附加疑问部分应用wouldn’t ?   例:You’d better take a bus to go there, hadn’t you?  You’d like some tea, wouldn’t you?   (13)当陈述部分是感叹句,附加疑问部分则用否定式,且主语和感叹句主语要一致.     例:What a lovely day, isn’tit?                     What a good man,  isn’t he?   (14)有关“have”反义疑问句 ①当陈述部分的谓语是have/has表示“有”时,附加疑问部分既可用have/has的相应形式,也可用do/does的相应形式.     例:She has two sister, hasn’t /doesn’t she?   ②当陈述部分的谓语has/has表示经历、遭受、得到、吃等其他含义时,疑问部分只用do/does的适当形式.     例:He often has breakfast at seven, doesn’t he?   ③当陈述部分的谓语动词包括have to/had to时,疑问部分通常用do/ does的不同形式.     例:She has to stay at home to look after her baby, doesn’t she?   (15)当陈述部分的谓语动词含有can, may, shall, will would,ought, be, do等助动词时,疑问部分用相同的助动词.     例:You can be there by 10 o’clock, can’t you?        You ought to follow her advice, oughtn’t/shouldn’t you?   (16)must 的反义疑问句:陈述部分有must 的疑问句,疑 部分根据实际情况而定。

    A.must 表示“应该”,其疑问部分用 mustn't(不应该),     例: You must work hard next term, mustn't you ?       B.must 表示“必须”,其疑问部分用 needn't(不必),如:
     例:They must finish the work today, needn’t they?      C.陈述部分含情态动词 mustn't,表示禁止时,疑问部分就可以用must 或 may,如:
     例:You mustn’t stop your car here, must you? (may you?)     D.must 表示推测 ,其疑问部分必须与must 后面的主要动词相呼应。如:
 ①对现在动作或存在的情况的推测 :
 You must know the answer to the exercise, don't you? 你一定知道这项练习的答案,是不是?That must be your bed, isn't it? 那一定是你的床,是吗?  ②对过去发生的动作或存在的情况的推测:句中陈述部分没有表示过去的时间状语,这时疑问部分中的动词就用现在完成时。(haven’t/ hasn’t+主语)  例:You must have told her about it, haven’t you?    (17)当陈述部分为I wish......时,疑问部分则用may I ?    例:I wish to go to Hefei to see you one day, may I ?       I wish to use your pen, may I ?  (18)当陈述部分含有状语从句时,附加疑问部分的主语、谓语应与主句的主、谓语一致.     例:When I got to school, the classes had already begun, hadn’t they?         When the teacher speaks, we have to keep quiet, don’t we?   二.句子类型     英语中句子类型可分为:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句四种     陈述句:说明一个事实或者陈述说话人的看法。陈述句分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。

      疑问句:
①  一般疑问句:以连系动词be、情态动词或助动词开头,通常用Yes或no进行回答。

②  特殊疑问句:特殊疑问句以疑问词(组)who, what, which, how, how long等开头,不能用yes或no回答。

③  选择疑问句:提出两个(或多个)选项,两(多个)部分之间由or连接。

④  反意疑问句:提出疑问或看法,询问对方是否赞同。

 祈使句:表示请求、命令、叮嘱、号召等,谓语动词为动词原形。否定句多在句首加don’t.  注意:祈使句主语通常省略,但如果特别强调对方或表达某种情绪时可以有主语或加称呼 感叹句:表示喜怒哀乐等情绪  1.what 引导的感叹句 (1)what a/an+单数可数名词     what a pity!  ( 2 )  what a/an +adj+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)what a beautiful park it is! (3)what+adj+不可数名词/复数可数名词(+主语+谓语)what good news it is! 2.how 引导的感叹句  How+adj/adv(+主语+谓语+其他) how well she dances!  mind  n. [maɪnd] 聪明人富有才智的人 astronomer  n. [ə'strɒnəmə] 天文学家 *genius  n. ['dʒiːnɪəs] 天才 consider v. [kən'sɪdə] 认为;
觉得 sense n. [sens] 理解力;
判断力 humour  n. ['hjuːmə] 幽默 invitation n [ɪnvɪ'teɪʃ(ə)n] 邀请 theory n ['θɪərɪ] 学说;
论;
说 university  n [juːnɪ'vɜːsɪtɪ] 综合性大学 pleasure n ['pleʒə]  乐事;
快事 avoid v. [ə'vɒɪd] 避免;
避开 lecture n ['lektʃə] 讲座;
演讲 tonight adv. [tə'naɪt] 在今夜;
在今晚 audience n. ['ɔːdɪəns] 观众;
听众 trust v [trʌst] 信任;
信赖 seat  n.  [siːt] 座位 *applause n. [ə'plɔːz] 鼓掌;
喝彩 pale  adj.  [peɪl] 苍白的 achievement n. [ə'tʃiːvm(ə)nt] 成就;
成绩 universe  n. ['juːnɪvɜːs] 宇宙 *philosopher  n.  [fɪ'lɒsəfə] 哲学家 obey v. [ə(ʊ)'beɪ] 服从;
遵守 reduce v. [rɪ'djuːs] 减少;
缩小 exactly adv [ɪg'zæk(t)lɪ] 精确地;
准确地 action  n. ['ækʃ(ə)n] (故事、戏剧中的)情节   sense of humour幽默感 let...down使……失望 by heart单凭记忆;
能背诵 take a seat坐下 without difficulty轻而易举 join in参加;
加入 have no idea丝毫不知道 (be) in trouble倒霉;
处于困境 play a joke on sb.跟某人开玩笑;
捉弄某人 turning point转折点 a series of一系列 Unit2课文与视频 Reading Two geniuses 两个天才Many people consider Albert Einstein (1879-1955) a genius. This story about him shows that he also had a sense of humour.很多人认为阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦(1879-1955)是个天才。这个关于他的故事展示了他也有幽默感。Einstein often received invitations to explain his theories at different universities. On these trips, his driver Hans often said to him, “It's a pleasure to drive a genius like you, Dr Einstein.“爱因斯坦经常收到不同大学的邀请去解释他的理论。在这些路途中,他的车夫汉斯经常对他说“载着一个像你一样的天才是一种荣幸,爱因斯坦博士。”One evening, on their way to a university, Einstein said, “I'm so tired. I wish I could avoid giving my lecture tonight, Hans, but I don't want to let my audience sown.“一天晚上,在他们去一所大学的路上,爱因斯坦说“我太累了!汉斯,我希望能够取消我今天晚上的演讲,但是我又不想让我的听众失望。”“I know what to do,“ said Hans. “I can give the lecture for you. You can trust me. I've listened to your lecture so many times that I've learnt it by heart. No one knows you at this university, so they won't find out.““我知道要怎么做了,”汉斯说,“我可以为你做演讲。你可以相信我。我已经听过你的演讲那么多次了以至于我已经记住了。在这所大学里,没有人认识你,所以他们不会发现真相。”So, they changed places. At the university, Hans was guided to the front of the hall. Einstein took a seat, listened to Hans give his lecture without difficulty, and joined in the applause at the end.因此,他们替换了位置。在那所大学里,汉斯被引领着来到大厅的前面。爱因斯坦坐在一个座位上,听着汉斯轻车熟路地进行他的演讲,并且在最后得到了欢呼喝彩。However, before Hans left, a man shouted, “I'd like to ask you a question.“ He then asked a question so difficult that Hans had no idea what he was talking about.然而,在汉斯离开之前,一个男人大叫到:“我想问你一个问题。”他问了汉斯一个非常难的问题,以至于汉斯根本不知道他在说什么。Einstein turned pale. “Oh no!“ he thought. “Now we're in trouble.“ But Hans just laughed and said, “That's such an easy question that even my driver can answer it. Hans, please...“爱因斯坦脸色变得苍白了。“噢,不。”他想“现在我们遇到麻烦了。”但是,汉斯只是大笑了一下,并且说“这个问题如此简单,甚至我的车夫都能够回答。汉斯,请……”Einstein stood up and answered the question perfectly.爱因斯坦站起来,完美地回答了这个问题。They left the university, with driving. A little later, Hans offered to drive. “No,“ laughed Einstein. “It's a pleasure to drive a genius like you, Hans.“爱因斯坦驾车带着他们离开那所大学。过了一会儿,汉斯主动要求驾车。“不,”爱因斯坦笑着说“载着一个像你一样的天才是一种荣幸,汉斯。” More practiceA Read this story about Albert Einstein and then answer the questions below. A 阅读关于爱因斯坦的故事,然后回答下面的问题。Einstein and the little girl爱因斯坦和小女孩One afternoon, Einstein was walking home from work. At the same time, a 12-year-old girl was walking home from school. They were soon walking side by side. The girl looked at him curiously from time to time.一天下午,爱因斯坦正在下班回家的路上走着。与此同时,一个12岁的小女孩正走在放学回家的路上。很快,他们就并排走着了。这个女孩一次又一次好奇地看着他。“Pardon me,“ the girl said, “but you look just like Albert Einstein.““打扰一下,”那个女孩说,“但是你看起来像阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦。”“That's because I am Albert Einstein!“ Einstein said.“那是因为我就是阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦。”爱因斯坦说。“I don't believe you,“ the girl said. “Everyone knows that Einstein is a genius. But you're wearing your sweater backwards, so you can't be very clever.““我不相信你,”那个女孩说“所有的人都知道爱因斯坦是一个天才,但是你现在把你的毛衣穿反了,所以你不可能很聪明。”Einstein began to laugh. “You're the first person be so honest with me,“ he said to the girl. “It's a pleasure to hear someone tell me the truth about my look.“爱因斯坦开始笑了起来。“你是第一个对我如此诚实的人,”他对那个女孩说,“我很高兴听到有人告诉我关于我外表的实话。”After that day, the girl often went to visit Einstein's house after school. One afternoon, the girl's mother went to visit Einstein. She asked him why he spent so much time with her daughter.在那一天以后,那个女孩经常在放学后去爱因斯坦家里做客。一天下午,那个女孩的妈妈去拜访爱因斯坦。她问他为什么和她的女儿一起花费那么多的时间。“Our friendship is easy to explain,“ Einstein said. “Your daughter tells me the truth about my look and brings me cookies. In return, I help her with her Maths homework.““我们的友谊是很容易解释的,”爱因斯坦说,“你的女儿告诉了我关于我外表的实话,还给我带曲奇饼干。我帮助她做数学家庭作业作为报答。” Unit2必考短语和句型重点短语sense of human   幽默感 by heart  单凭记忆  lost heart = stop hoping for sthwithout difficult   轻而易举 easilyhave no idea 丝毫不知道play a joke on sb.    跟某人开玩笑a series of  一系列let … down  使… 失望  disappointed = make … disappointedtake a seat   坐下= sit downjoin in   参加,加入 take part inbe in trouble 处于困境,倒霉 = have problems or difficultiesturning point     转折点believe in = trust 重点词汇分析 1. mind  n.聪明人,富有才智的人 eg:He is one of the greatest minds of the age. (1)mind用作名词,还可以意为“思想、想法、头脑、智力”。常见的含mind的短语有: change one’s mind 改变主意;

 make up one’s mind 下定决心;
   keep in one’s mind 牢记…… (2)mind用作动词时,意为“介意、反对”,常用的句型为: Would you mind doing sth.? 请问,可以……吗?常用来表示委婉、客气的请求。  2. consider的用法 :+ 名词或代词    考虑……   consider doing sth.    考虑做某事    cosider + 疑问词+ to do 考虑 ......   consider sb/sth (as) sth 认为某人、某物是…..      1) Please consider my suggestion.    请考虑我的建议。 2) She is considering going to Europe. 她在考虑去欧洲。 3) We consider him to be our friends. 我们认为他是我们的朋友。 4) We consider that he is our friends.  我们认为他是我们的朋友。  3. sense  n. 理解力,判断力 e.g:Although she’s not clever,she has got lots of common sense. 拓展:sense可以用来表示某种“感”,如幽默感、正义感、责任感等,这时在sense前加不定冠词: a sense of humour幽默感;
 a sense of duty责任感  4. receive 接受到(表示被动地接受)      accept总表示主动而且高兴地接受  Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra $100 a year!后来他笑了,并且告诉我说,我将一年收到一百美金的额外收入!  She accepted the invitation with smile. 她面带微笑地接受了邀请函。 5. invitation  n. 邀请   eg:I have no choice but to accept his invitation. invite v. 邀请 常用短语:invite sb. to a place 邀请某人去某地;
invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 eg:I invite her to my house.             I invite her to go for a walk.  6. pleasure  n. 乐事,快事          it is a pleasure to do sth 做某事是一件乐事。e.g:The thought fills me with pleasure.辨析: pleasure 不可数名词,表示“高兴、愉快、乐趣” e.g: It’s a pleasure. pleased 形容词,表示“高兴的,满意的”,主语只能是人 e.g: We are pleased with his work. pleasant 形容词,主语是物时指“使人感到高兴的,满意的”;
主语是人时指“高兴的,愉快的,态度友好的” e.g: It’s pleasant to work with you. He spent a pleasant evening.  7. on their way to….在他们去…的路上           8. avoid  v. 避免,避开。后面接名词、代词或动名词做宾语,不接不定式做宾语。 e.g: No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements.  9. let sb down 让某人失望  10. trust  v. 信任、信赖 e.g: I trust you completely. 辨析: trust 多用来表示“相信某人的品德、为人和能力” e.g: Do you trust in the man in blue over there? believe 侧重于“相信某人所说的话 e.g: Don’t believe what that boy said.  11.  so…that...意为“如此„„以至于„„”, so是副词,用以修饰其后的形容词或副词,说明其程度的大小。 辨析:so... that...和such...that...在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中,so是副词,与形容词连用。其结构是: “...so + 形容词(副词)+ that + 从句”。例如: He was so glad that he couldn’t’t say a word.在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中,such是形容词,它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词,也可以是不可数名词;
名词前面可以带形容词,也可不带。如果是单数可数名词,前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如: It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything. 有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again. =The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.  Unit2 必考语法 meal  n [miːl] 一顿饭 share  v [ʃeə] 把自己的想法(或经历、感情)告诉(某人) decision  n [dɪ'sɪʒ(ə)n] 决定;
抉择 *possessions n. [pə'zeʃənz] [pl.] 个人财产;
私人物品 expect v. [ɪk'spɛkt] 要求;
指望 abroad  adv.  [ə'brɔd] 在国外;
到国外 business n. [ˈbɪznɪs] 商务;
公事 personal adj. ['pɝsənl] 个人的;
私人的 set  v.  [sɛt] [set] 安排;
确定;
决定 daughter n.  ['dɔtɚ] 女儿          mind v. [maɪnd] 介意 fashionable adj.  ['fæʃnəbl] 流行的;
时髦的 fashion n. ['fæʃən] 流行款式;
时兴样式 out-of-date  adj. ['autəv'deit] 过时的 iron v. ['aɪɚn (用熨斗)熨;
烫平 event n. [ɪ'vent] 公开活动 suppose v. [sə'pəʊz] (根据所知)认为 either adv. ['aɪðə; 'iː-] (用于否定词组后)也 relationship n. [rɪ'leɪʃ(ə)nʃɪp] 关系;
联系 invite v. [ɪn'vaɪt] 邀请 cost (cost) v.  [kɒst] 需付费;
价钱为 type  n. [taɪp] 类型;
种类   help with 帮着做 (be) on business 出差 have no interest in 对……没有兴趣 Unit3课文与视频 Reading Family life in cities 城市里的家庭生活Paula interviewed two teenagers for a programme on family life. She asked them some questions. Here are their answers.保拉为一个关于家庭生活的节目采访了两位青少年。她问了他们一些问题。这是他们的回答。

Emily (aged 15)埃米莉(15岁)1. Well, there are just three of us: my mum, my dad and me.呃,我们家只有我们三个人:我的妈妈,我的爸爸和我。2. Have I got many possessions? Yes, I've got a lot of things: a big TV, a new computer and a mobile phone.我有很多私人物品吗?是的,我有许多东西:一台很大的电视机,一台新的电脑,和一部手机。3.  No, I'm not expected to do the housework.不,我可不想做家务。4. We go out for dinner together sometimes, but my dad is often abroad on business, and my mum works too. We usually just do our own personal things.我们有时一起出去吃晚饭,但是我的爸爸经常到国外出差,我妈妈也工作。我们通常只是做自己的事。5. No, they don't usually set rules for me, and since I'm a good daughter, they never punish me.不,他们不经常给我制定规则,因为我是一个好女儿,他们从来不责备我。6. Well, I like our new flat. It's much bigger than our last one. But I feel lonely when my parents away from home.呃,我喜欢我们的新公寓。它比我们上一个大得多。但是当我父母不在家的时候,我感觉到很孤单。

Jerry (aged 14)杰瑞(14岁)1. My mum, dad, grandma and my sister Rosie. Although it sometimes feels crowed in our little flat, we don't mind.我的妈妈,爸爸,奶奶和我的妹妹罗斯。虽然有时候感觉在我们的小公寓里面有些挤,但是我们并不介意。2. No, I haven't got many possessions. I have no interest in things like fashionable clothes. New fashions soon go out of date, don't they? That's what my grandma says.不,我没有太多的私人物品。我对流行的衣服之类的东西没有兴趣。新的流行款式很快就会过时,不是吗?这是我奶奶说的。3. Yes, I help with the housework. I wash the dishes and even iron my own shirts. My grandma says young people should learn to look after themselves.是的,我帮着做家务。我洗盘子甚至熨自己的衬衫。我的奶奶说年轻人应该学着照顾自己。4. Yes, we like doing things together. We eat meals together every day, and my family always come to school events.是的,我们喜欢在一起做事情。我们每天一起吃饭,我的家人总是来学校参加公开活动。5. Yes, I suppose they set some rules for me. For example, unless I finish all my homework, I can't watch TV, and I can't go out with my friends either.是的,我认为他们为我制定了一些规则。例如,除非我完成我所有的家庭作业,否则我不能看电视,也不能跟朋友们出去玩。6. I love all my family very much. We have a close relationship, and we always support each other.我非常爱我的每一个家人。我们之间的关系很亲密,我们总是相互支持。

More practice How to communicate with your parents 怎样和你的父母沟通Many young people have trouble communicating with their parents. However, there are some very useful tips to help solve this problem.很多年轻人在与他们的父母沟通上都有困难。然而,有一些非常有用的技巧可以帮助解决这个问题。First, make a list of the things you and your parents disagree about most.首先,列出你和你的父母之间分歧最大的一些事情。With each of these things, try to find an answer acceptable to both you and your parents. It is no good for you to require everything to go your way. You have to be ready to change a little if you want them to change.每一件事情,都试着找出你和你的父母都能接受的解决办法。要求每一件事情都按照你的想法对你是没有好处的。如果你想让他们有所改变,那你自己也不得不做好改变的准备。Second, talk to your parents when it is convenient for them. Remember that your parents may have to work long hours and this can make them tired, so he patient with them.第二,在你的父母方便的时候跟他们谈一谈。记住你的父母也许不得不做很长时间的工作,这可能会使他们很累,所以对他们要耐心一些。Third, listen to what your parents have to say. How can you expect them to listen to you if you are not ready to listen to them?第三,听你父母说的话。如果你不准备听他们说话,怎么期望他们听你说话呢?In addition, your parents were once young like you, so they understand your situation better than you expect.另外,你的父母曾经像你一样年轻过,所以他们比你期望的更了解你的情况。Finally, if you do not get a satisfactory result, try not to get too angry. Talk with your parents and find out their reasons.最后,如果你没有得到一个满意的结果,试着不要太生气。跟你的父母聊一聊,找出他们的原因。Part of growing up is learning to live with these kinds of disagreements, and learning to understand another person's way of looking at things.成长的一部分就是要学着在这种不统一的意见中生活,然后学着理解另一个人看待事情的方式。With a little hard work, you can learn to communicate better with your parents.通过一番小小的努力,你可以学会跟你的父母更好的沟通。

Unit3必考短语和句型 Unit3 必考语法语法:系动词一. 系动词定义:指连接主语和描述主语的形容词或名词,表示主语身份/性质/状态的动词.连系动词有一定的词义,但不完整,不能单独作谓语,必须和后面的表语一起构成系表结构.归类:常见的连系动词分为以下几类:1.状态系动词:用来表示主语的状态/性质/身份等,常用有be.(am/is/are/was/were) 二、感官系动词 感官系动词是与五种感觉器官相关的动词.常见的有: look(看起来), feel(摸上去),smell(闻起来) , taste(尝起来),sound(听起来)等。后面接形容词作表语,说明主语所处的状态。这类动词多为一般现在时,无进行时,也没有被动语态。

The dress feels very soft.      这件裙子摸上去很软。This flower smells very sweet.  这朵花闻起来很香。 The music sounds sweet.       这首歌听起来真悦耳。The apples taste very good.     这些苹果很好吃。She looks well today.          她今天看上去很好。注意:有些词既是系动词又是实义动词。He looks sad.                   The food tastes good.He looks sadly at her.             He is tasting the food. 三、变化系动词 变化系动词:表示主语从一种状态变化成另一种状态。常见的有: become, turn, grow, go, come, fall, get 等。1) become(变得...) 和 get(变得...):指天气的变化和社会的趋势。It’s becoming/getting cold. 天渐冷了。

2)turn + 单数名词:变成...He has become an actor. =  He has turned actor. 3) go:由好到坏的变化(可用于人或事物),come:向好的方面变化。The meat’s gone bad. 肉变坏了。Her wish came true. 她的愿望实现了。

4) grow:主要表示逐渐变化,强调变化的过程。Bob is growing old. 鲍勃渐渐变老了。

四:持续连系动词:用来表示主语继续或保持一种状态或情况,常用的有keep, stay, remain等.Take more exercise and keep fit.He remained silent as usual. 五:表象系动词用来表示”似乎/看来”这一概念的词,常用的有seem,appear等.He seems angry.He didn’t appea surprised at the news. 关于系动词的重要短语:be free:有空;
                    be late:迟到;
be angry:生气;
                   go bad:变坏了;
feel good:感觉不错;
              feel better:感觉好多了sound great/good:听上去不错;
      sound like:听上去像;
grow fast:生长地很快;
             turn red:变为红色;
feel tired:感觉疲惫;
               come true:变为现实;
online  adj.  [ɒn'laɪn] 在线的model n. ['mɒdl] 模特儿diet  n. ['daɪət] 规定饮食though  conj. [ðəʊ] 虽然;
尽管awful  adj. ['ɔːfʊl] 很坏的;
极讨厌的regret v.  [rɪ'gret] 懊悔ashamed adj. [ə'ʃeɪmd] 惭愧;
羞愧situation  n. [sɪtjʊ'eɪʃ(ə)n] 情况;
状况braces n.pl. ['breisiz] (儿童)牙箍hate  v. [heɪt] 厌恶;
憎恶advantage  n  [əd'vɑːntɪdʒ] 优势embarrassed  adj. [ɪm'bærəst; ] 窘迫的;
尴尬的suggest  v. [sə'dʒest] 建议;
倡议mad. adj  [mæd] 很生气;
气愤mess  n  [mes] 杂乱;
不整洁annoying  adj  [ə'nɒɪɪŋ] 使恼怒的;
使生气的fail  v [feɪl] 不及格careless adj. ['keələs] 粗心造成的comment n ['kɒment] 评论request n [rɪ'kwest] 要求;
请求polite adj  [pə'laɪt] 有礼貌的none pron [nʌn] 没有一个;
毫无exam n. [ɪg'zæm; ] 考试 (be) on a diet节食laugh at嘲笑;
讥笑feel ashamed of对……感到羞愧drive sb. mad让某人受不了make a mess搞得一塌糊涂out of place格格不入none of one's business与某人无关hear from收到某人的信件(或电子邮件、电话等) Unit4课文与视频 Reading Many newspapers and magazines have an advice page. People write to ask for help with their problems. The following Internet were written by four teenagers to an online newspaper. 很多报纸和杂志有一个建议的专栏。人们写信诉说他们的问题寻求帮助。下面是四位青少年写给一个在线报纸的邮件。

Anna I'm worried about my friend Jolin. She wants to be a model and she's getting too thin, but whenever I talk to her about this, she gets angry. How can I help her? 安娜 我很担心我的朋友乔琳。她想成为一名模特儿。她越来越瘦了。但是每当我跟她说这个问题的时候,她会生气。我怎么帮助她呢? Peter I went out with a group of friends yesterday. We saw a lady lying in the street. She looked very sick. My friends made jokes about her and laughed. 皮特 昨天我跟一些朋友外出。我们看到一位女士躺在街上。她看起来像生病了。我的朋友们开她的玩笑并嘲笑了她。

Though I wanted to help her, my friends told me not to. It was awful of them to laugh at her, and I regret not saying anything. I feel ashamed of myself. What should I do in this situation? 虽然我想帮助她,但我的朋友告诉我不要这么做。他们嘲笑她真是太令人讨厌了。我很遗憾什么都没有说。我为自己感到惭愧。在这样的情况下我该做什么呢? Simon I've just started wearing braces, but I hate them. I don't see any advantage in wearing them. My friends all laugh at me and say bad things about me. 西蒙 我刚开始带牙箍,但是我讨厌它们。我带它们没有感觉到任何优势。我的朋友都嘲笑我,说一些很不好的事情。

I feel embarrassed when I smile or open my mouth. The braces hurt my teeth, and it's difficult for me to eat. I feel it was a mistake for my mother to make me wear these ugly braces. What do you suggest? 当我笑或张开我的嘴巴时我就会感觉到很窘迫。牙箍伤害了我的牙齿,让我吃东西时感到有些困难。我感觉我的妈妈让我带这些丑陋的牙箍是一个失误。你建议我做些什么? Julie I have to share a room with my seven-year-old sister, and she's driving me mad! She has a habit of playing the piano when I'm studying, and she always takes my things without telling me. 朱莉 我不得不跟我7岁的妹妹分享一间房间。她常常让我受不了!她有一个习惯:在我正学习的时候弹钢琴。她总是不告诉我就拿我的东西。

I try to keep the room tidy, but she always makes a mess. I love my sister, but sometimes she's so annoying! What should I do? 我试着保持房间整洁,但是她总是搞得一塌糊涂。我爱我的妹妹,但是有时候她如此的令人生气。我该做些什么? More practice Dear Anna,亲爱的安娜:You're right to be worried about your friend Jolin. She shouldn't stay on a diet if she's already very thin. You should try to get her to see a doctor. You should also tell her that she's not alone - we all worry about our looks sometimes.你担心你的朋友乔琳是正确的。如果她已经非常瘦了,她不应该继续节食。你可以试着带她去看医生。你还可以告诉她,不只有她一个人是这样的----有时候我们所有人都在意我们的外表。

Dear Peter,亲爱的皮特:I believe you're learnt an important lesson - you'll regret it if you don't do the right thing at the right moment.我相信你已经学到了很深刻的一个教训——你会后悔的,如果你不做正确的事情在正确的时刻。Next time in the same situation, you should make up your own mind. You shouldn't listen to your friends. It was awful of them to laugh at a sick lady.下一次再碰到同样的情况,你应该坚持你自己的想法。你不应该听你朋友的。他们嘲笑一位生病的女士真是太令人讨厌了。

Dear Simon,亲爱的西蒙:Lots of people wear braces these days, so you're not alone. If you stop paying attention to your friends, they'll stop laughing at you. So don't worry!如今很多人戴牙箍,所以你不是一个人。如果你停止把注意力放在你的朋友们身上,他们就会停止嘲笑你。所以不用担心!I understand that it hurts sometimes, but think of the beautiful, straight teeth you'll have in a few months' time!我理解有时候牙会很疼,但是想一想几个月之后你就会拥有一口漂亮、整齐的牙齿。

Dear Julie,亲爱的朱莉:You should talk to your sister more. Ask her to play the piano only when you're not studying. Let her borrow your things only if she asks you first.你应该跟你的妹妹多聊聊天。要求她只能在你没有学习的时候弹钢琴;
只有在首先询问过你之后才能借你的东西。Perhaps she just wants more attention from you. Try spending some time with her every day and you'll both learn how to live happily with each other.可能她仅仅想得到你更多的关注。试着每天花一些时间跟她在一起,你们都将会学到怎样愉快的跟彼此生活在一起。

Unit4必考短语和句型词汇精讲1. regret  regret 动词, 意为“后悔,遗憾,感到抱歉”等。常见用法如下:(1)regret接名词或者代词,意为“对……懊悔、遗憾”。例如:If you don’t do it now, you’ll only regret it. 如果现在不做,你以后就只能后悔。(2)regret后跟从句,意为“后悔、遗憾……”。例如:I regret that I am unable to accept your kind invitation.很遗憾我不能接受你的友好邀请。(3)regret to do sth. 意为“很遗憾去做某事”,    regret doing sth. 意为“后悔做某事”。例如:We regret to inform you that your application has not been successful.       我们很遗憾的通知你,你的申请未通过。       I regretted saying that.         我很后悔说那些。

2. suggest  suggest作动词,意为“建议,提议,启示”。(1)suggest doing sth. 意为“建议做某事”。例如:He suggested taking the children to the zoo.他提议带孩子们去动物园。(2)suggest sth. to sb.意为“向某人建议……。例如:What did you suggest to the manager? 你向经理提了什么建议?(3)suggest后还可跟从句。从句谓语常为“should + do”,其中should可省。例如:I suggested to Mike that we go out for a meal with his colleagues.我向迈克提议,我们和他的同事们一起出去吃饭。I suggest you ask him some specific questions about his past.我建议你问他一些有关他的过去的具体问题。

【拓展】suggestion为名词,意为“意见,建议”,一般可数,常用其复数形式。例如:The dietitian was helpful, making suggestions as to how I could improve my diet.这位营养学家就如何改善饮食给我提出了些建议,对我很有帮助。I have lots of suggestions for the park's future.对于公园未来的规划我有很多提议。

3. diet  diet作名词意为“日常饮食,规定饮食,饮食习惯”等。on a diet 意为“节食”,order a diet for sb.意为“叮嘱某人吃规定的饮食”,a balanced diet意为“均衡饮食”。例如:You should eat a healthy diet to keep healthy.  你们应该健康饮食以保证健康。It’s important to keep a balanced diet. 保持均衡的饮食很重要。She is on a diet. 她在节食。 The doctor ordered a liquid diet for the sick child.  医生叮嘱那个生病的孩子吃流食。

4. mad(1)mad 形容词,意为“生气的,气愤的”,比较级为madder, 最高级为maddest。be mad at sb./sth.意为“对……恼火”。例如:He was mad at me for losing his watch. 因为我丢了他的手表,他对我很生气。(2)mad 作形容词,还可意为“发疯的,疯狂的”。be mad on /about sth. 意为“对某事着迷”。例如:You must be mad to do such a thing. 干出这样事儿,你一定是疯了。I am mad about music. 我痴迷于音乐。

5. ashamed  ashamed形容词,意为“惭愧的,羞耻的,害臊的”,常用作表语。例如:  You really ought to be ashamed of that. 你是在应该对此感到惭愧。【拓展】(1) be/feel ashamed of (doing) sth. 意为“对(做)某事感到羞愧或者惭愧。”例如:He was ashamed of asking such a simple question.他由于问了这样简单的问题而感到难为情。(2)be /feel ashamed to do sth. 意为“因感到难为情或者羞耻而不愿意做某事”或者“对做某事感到羞愧或者惭愧”。例如:I am ashamed to say so. 这样说我很不好意思。He was too ashamed to ask for help. 他不好意思请求帮助。

6. try to do sth. try to do sth动词短语,意为“努力或尽力去做某事”,相当于try one’s best to do sth. 例如:We tried to help the people in the village.我们设法帮助那个村庄的人。【拓展】try doing …意为“尝试着做某事”。例如:I tried helping her but she refused me.  我试着帮助她,但是她拒绝了我。

7. have to&must 辨析 have to侧重于客观需要,含有“不得不”或“被迫”之意,有多种时态形式;
否定式为don’t have to意为“不必”。 must侧重于说话者的主观看法,认为有必要或有义务去做某事;
只有现在时一种形式(在宾语从句中可以表示过去);
否定式mustn’t 意为“一定不要;
不允许”。例如:You must do your homework first. 你必须先做作业。 It’s raining. I have to stay at home.正在下雨,我不得不待在家里。口诀:“主观职责”说“必须”,must赶紧用上去;
若是“环境”“不得不”,赶紧换用have to。

8. thanks for&thanks to(1)thanks for doing sth意为“因……而感谢”,说明感谢的原因,后接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。例如:Thanks for helping me. = Thanks for your help.谢谢你的帮助。(2)thank to是介词短语,意为“多亏,由于”;
同义词组为because of。thanks to后接名词,在句中作状语,表示原因,常位于句首或句末。thanks to常有“感谢”的意味,表示由于某种原因才有了某种好的结果。例如:Thanks to your help, I passed the exam. 对亏了你的帮助,我通过了那次考试。Thanks to your help, I got a good mark in the exam. 多亏你的帮助,我考试取得了好成绩。

句式精讲 1. We saw a lady lying in the street.    see sb./sth. doing sth. 意为“看到……正在做某事”,表示看到的动作正在发生或进行。see sb./sth. do sth. 意为“看见……做某事了”,通常是指看到动作的全过程或者强调某事经常发生。例如:
I saw Li Ming playing near the river on my way home yesterday. 昨天在我回家路上,我看见李明正在河边玩儿。

I often see Li Ming play neat the river on my way home yesterday. 我经常在回家的路上看见李明在河边玩儿。

2. It was awful of them to laugh at her, and I regret not saying anything.    本句话的结构为“It is/was + 形容词 + of sb.”,这个结构中形容词表示人的特点,特征或性格,常用于此结构的形容词有good,nice,clever,foolish等等。“It is/was+形容词+of sb.+to do sth.”意为“某人做某事真……”。例如:
It’s very clever of you to work out the problem. 你做出这道题来真是太聪明了。

【拓展】 (1)“It is/was+形容词+for sb.+to do sth.”意为“对某人来说做某事是怎么样的”。it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式,for引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如:
It’s good for you to eat more vegetables. 对你来说多吃蔬菜是有好处的。

(2)当形容词(如:easy, important, possible等)表示客观情况,描述不定式的特征、性质时常用for;
而当形容词(如:kind, nice,rude, clever等)表示主观感情或态度,描述的是主语的性质、特征时,常用of。例如:
It won’t be easy for you to find a good job. 你找到一个好工作不容易。

It was kind of you to help me.你帮助我们,你真善良。

3. Why don’t you tell her how you feel?       “Why don’t you + 动词原形 + 其他?” 相当于“Why not + 动词原形 + 其他?”表示建议、询问,即征求某人的意见。例如:
— Why not play football with us? 为什么不和我们去踢足球呢? — That sounds like a good idea. 这是个好主意。

【拓展】 (1) why not用在口语中表示赞同,意为“当然,好啊”。例如:
— Let’s go to the movies. 我们看电影吧。

— Why not? 好啊! (2) Why not?意为“为什么不”,询问被否定的原因。例如:
— You can’t go there alone. 你不能单独去那里。

— Why not? 为什么不呢? 4. Your friend keeps borrowing books from you but never gives them back.   keep doing sth. 意为“继续干某事“,表示不间断地持续干某事,后须接延续性的动词。

He kept working all day, because he wanted to finish the work on time. 他整天都在不停地工作,因为他想准时完成工作。

【拓展】keep的其他常见词组:
(1)keep on doing sth. 意为“持续做某事”。

The pupil kept on asking me the same question. 这个学生不断地问我同一个问题。

(2)keep...from doing sth.意为“阻止/防止……做某事”。

The heavy snow kept us from going out. 大雪使我们不能出去 5. Though I want to help her, my friend told me not to. (1)though可以作连词,意为“虽然;
即使;
纵然”,放在从句的开头和中间均可。例如:
Though it was raining, we were still working. 虽然下着雨,但我们仍然坚持工作。

(2)though还可以作副词,意为“然而;
但是”,一般放在句末。例如:
It was impossible for him to do so much homework. He finished it though. 他不可能完成这么多作业,然而他做完了。

【拓展】 (1)though和although的辨析:
1) 两者都可用作连词,意义相同,但although常放在从句开头的位置,不用于从句中间;
而though放在从句的开头和中间均可。例如:
Although they are poor, they are happy. = Though they are poor, they are happy. = Poor though they are, they are happy. 虽然他们很穷,但很快乐。

2) although只能作连词,但though既可以作连词,也可以作副词。

(2)常用搭配:
as though 好像   even though即使 注意:although和though不能和but连用,二者只能用其一。

Unit4 必考语法 语法部分:句子的成分 1、主语:是一句的主体,是全句诉说的对象,常用名词、数词或代词担任(是全句谈论的中心话题)。例:
(1) Students study.(名词)        (2)We are fridends.(代词) (3)To go to good university is his first goal.(不定式) (4)Doing morning exercise is good for your health.(动名词) (5)What he has said is true. 2、谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或动词词组担任,放在主语的后面(主语做什么了、怎么了)。例:
(1)Students study.(实意动词) (2)We are friends.(be动词) (3)We love China. (4)We have finished reading this book. (5)He can speak English.(复合谓语) (6)She seems tired. (7)I saw the flag on the top of the hill. (8)He looked after two orphans. 3、宾语:表示行为的对象,常由名词或代词担任,放在及物动词或代词之后(动作的对象,目标;
位于及物动词之后)。宾语分为间接宾语和直接宾语。直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人。例:
(a)He   gave   me   some books.                间接宾语  直接宾语 (b)Please pass me the book. (c)He bought me some flowers. 注:位于介词之后的成分也称之为宾语。

4、宾语补足语:是对宾语进行补充说明,宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。例:
(1)I found the book interesting. (2)Do you smell something burning? (3)He made himself known to them. 主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变成主补。例:
(1)I last saw him playing near the river. →He was last seen playing near the river. (2)The teacher caught the student cheating in the exam. →The student was caught cheating in the exam. (3)We made him monitor. →He was made monitor. (4)He pushed the door open. →The door was pushed open. 5、定语:是用来说明或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任(是用来说明名词或代词性质特点的词)。形容词放在名词前,相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词之后。例:
(1)This is a red sun. (2)The black bike is mine. (3)He is a tall boy. 6、状语:是用来说明动词,形容词,副词、介词短语或整个句子的成分,常由副词担任。修饰动词的可以放在动词之前,也可以放在动词之后;
修饰形容词或副词的放在它们之前。例:
(1)The students study hard. (2)I often write to him. (3)The bag is too heavy. (4)I will be back in a while. 7、表语:系动词后的部分就是表语,表语是用来说明主语的性质或状态。一般由名词或者形容词担任。

常见的系动词有:
be(am,is,are,were,was),aapear,look,seem feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become,get,grow,come,go etc.系动词不用于被动语态。例:
(1) This table is long. (2) The apple tastes sweet. (3) The war was over. They seem to know the true。

通常情况下,主语和宾语前的成分是定语,谓语前的成分是状语,时间作状语放在句子的后面。

(定语)主语(状语)谓语(定语)宾语(状语)。

(1)(The tall)boy(often)go(to the big)zoo. (2)(The happy)child-went(his)home yesterday. 英语句子成分歌:
英语句子八呀八大块,   主谓宾表真呀真实在;

补语跟着宾语标语跑,   定语同位(语)专把名词踹。

状语的位置它自由自在, 忽右忽左随心所欲摆。

浑身的毛病真呀真不少, 前后乱窜它还会加塞。

英语五种基本句型:  基本句型一:S+V   (主+谓) 基本句型二:S+V+P   (主+系+表) 基本句型三:S+V+O   (主+谓+宾) 基本句型四:S+V+o+O  (主+谓+间宾+直宾) 基本句型五:S+V+O+P  (主+谓+宾+宾补) praise  n. [preɪz] 赞扬;
称赞view  v. [vjuː] 看;
观看script  n. [skrɪpt] 广播(或讲话等)稿 director  n. [dɪ'rektə;  导演make-up n. [mekʌp] 化妆 artist  n. ['ɑːtɪst] 艺术家studio n. ['stjuːdɪəʊ] 演播室contestant  n. [kən'test(ə)nt] 比赛者upon prep. [ə'pɒn] 在……上among  prep. [ə'mʌŋ] 在……中onto  prep. ['ɒntuː] 向;
朝forward  adv.  ['fɔːwəd] 向前second  n.  ['sek(ə)nd] 秒(时间单位)relaxed. adj [ri'læks] 放松的;
冷静的ahead of  prep.   领先beat  beaten v. [biːt] 赢;
打败(某人)still  adj. [stɪl] 平静的;
安静的single  adj. ['sɪŋg(ə)l] 仅有一个的;
单个的victory n ['vɪkt(ə)rɪ] 胜利;
成功England n. ['iŋɡlənd] 英格兰lucky adj. ['lʌkɪ] 幸运的;
运气好的news n [njuːz] 新闻报道 survey  n. [sə'veɪ] 民意调查  floor plan楼层平面图talent show达人秀pass out昏迷;
失去知觉keep still保持静止;
保持不动(的状态)emergency exit紧急出口on weekdays在工作日(周一到周五) Unit5课文与视频 Reading SURPROSES AT THE STUDIO演播室里的惊喜“Five minutes to go,“ shouted the director. “Is everyone ready?““还有五分钟,”导演喊道,“每个人都准备就绪了吗?”“I'm glad that I'm not one of the contestants!“ Denise said. “I'm not that brave.““我很高兴我不是参赛者的一员!”丹尼斯说,“我可没有那么勇敢。”“Oh, I'd love to be a contestant,“ said Angela.“噢,我想成为一名参赛者,”安杰拉说。The three contestants were sitting at their desks on the stage and waiting. The hot lights were shining down upon them. Suddenly one of them passed out and fell across her desk.三位参赛者正坐在舞台上的桌子旁等待着。炽热的灯光照在他们身上。突然,他们中的一位昏了过去然后横倒在了桌子上。A cameraman helped the woman off the stage.一位摄影师帮着把那个女人抬下了舞台。The director hurried down from the control room above. “We need another contestant,“ he shouted. “Who among you wants to be on TV?“导演急忙从上面的控制室下来。“我们需要另外一位参赛者,”他喊道,“你们当中有谁想要上电视的吗?”Angela raised her hand. “You're on!“ the director shouted. He led her onto the stage, and a make-up artist rushed forward. She quickly put make-up on Angela's face and brushed her hair.安杰拉举起她的手。“就是你了!“导演喊道。他让她上到了台上,然后化妆师急忙赶到前面。她快速地在安杰拉脸上化妆,然后给她梳头。“Ten seconds,“ shouted the director.“十秒。”导演喊道。“It's time for travel Quiz, and here's your host, Lester Li!“ said a loud voice. Lester Li ran out onto the stage. The quiz show began.“现在是旅游知识竞赛时间,我是主持人莱斯特·李!”一个很大的声音说道。莱斯特·李跑出来到了舞台上。智力竞赛节目开始了。Although Angela was not prepared, she seemed relaxed and did really well. She answered the questions with no problems and was soon ahead of the other two contestants.尽管安杰拉还没有准备好,她看起来很放松,而且做得真的很好。她回答地毫无问题,而且很快超过了其它两名参赛者。Twenty-five minutes later, Angela just had to answer six more questions to beat the other contestants and to win the prize.二十五分钟之后,安杰拉只需要再回答六道题就能打败其他选手赢得奖品。Denise was so excited that she could hardly keep still. Though the questions were getting more and more difficult, Angela kept getting them right.丹尼斯非常兴奋以至于她很难保持静止了。尽管问题变得越来越难,安吉娜还是能正确回答。Soon there was just a single question between Angela and victory.很快安吉娜距离胜利就只剩下一个问题了。“And finally, where's Big Ben?“ asked Lester.“那么最后,大本钟在哪里?”莱斯特问。“In England,“ replied Angela.“在英格兰。”安杰拉回复道。“Correct!“ shouted Lester. “You're tonight's lucky winner. You're won tonight's prize - a trip for two to the lovely city of Pairs!““正确!”莱斯特喊道,“你就是今晚的幸运赢家。你已经赢得了今晚的奖品——一次去往迷人城市巴黎的双人游。” More practice We love the Film Park!我们爱影视公园!What was the best park of your visit, Julia and Roddy?茱莉亚和罗迪,你们参观中最好的公园是什么?The tour of the Film Park.影视公园的观光。What did you like most about the Film Park tour?这次影视公园观光中你们最喜欢什么呢?The Dinosaur Jungle was my favourite. It was hot and smelt like a real jungle. We saw some baby dinosaurs. Then a really big one appeared. Although it was only a model, it looked very real! I almost jumped out of my skin!恐龙丛林是我最喜欢的。它很热而且闻起来像是一个真正的丛林。我们看到了一些小恐龙。然后一只真的很大的恐龙出现了。尽管它只是一个模型,它看起来却非常逼真!我几乎吓了一跳!I really liked the Great Wave. It was wonderful. Everything was quiet. Then suddenly we saw a huge wave coming towards us. There was a terrible noise, and the wave seemed to come over the top of us, but we didn't get wet at all! I don't how they did it.我真的喜欢大海浪。它真是太奇妙了。一切都那么的安静。然后突然地,我们就看到一波巨浪向我们席卷而来。发出了很可怕的声音,海浪看起来就像是从我们的头顶过去,但是我们一点都没有被淋湿!我不知道他们是怎么做到的。Did you see any famous stars at the film park?你们在影视公园里看到什么著名的明星了吗?No, we didn't, but we did visit a film set after the tour. The crew were shooting a scene showing some students in a school. They needed some more actors for the scene. To cut a long story short, the director chose me to appear in the film.不,我们没有,但是我们确实在观光之后参观了电影拍摄场地。工作人员正在拍摄一个显示学校里面学生的场景。他们这个场景需要更多的演员。长话短说就是,导演选了我在电影里出演。Oh, really? Did you enjoy working as an actor, Roddy?噢,真的吗?你喜欢作为一个演员的工作吗,罗迪?Yes, I did. It was really interesting.是的,我喜欢。它真的非常有趣。Did you have any difficulty in acting?你在演戏过程中有遇到任何的困难吗?To be honest, it was a piece of cake!说实话,那就是小菜一碟! Unit5必考短语和句型词汇精讲 1. Learn to express praise and encouragement. ① express v.表达,表示  expression n. 表达,词语 Bill is not afraid to express his opinions.  比尔并不害怕表达自己的观点。

② praise n.“赞扬,赞颂” 【知识拓展】 praise  vt.“赞扬,表扬” praise sb.for sth  因某事而表扬某人 He praised the boy for his courage.   他赞扬男孩很勇敢。

Her first novel received high praise.   她的第一部小说受到高度赞扬。

③ encouragement  n. 鼓舞,鼓励 【知识拓展】 encourage v.“鼓舞,鼓励”   encourage sb to do sth  鼓励某人去做某事 Tim was encouraged to begin playing the guitar by his father.   吉姆在他父亲的鼓励下开始弹吉他。

We raised her spirits with encouragement.  我们用鼓励的话给她打气。

  2. The hot lights were shining down upon them. ① light  n. 灯光 【知识拓展】 1)light  n.光,光线  We saw a flash of light.   我们看到一道闪光。

2)light  n. 电灯” Please turn off the lights when you leave.   当你离开时请把灯关上。

3)light  adj. “轻的, 浅色的” Carry this bag ---- it’s the lightest.   带上这个包---它是最轻的 4)light(lit,lit或者lighted, lighted) v.点燃 light up (使)光亮,放光彩 She lit a candle.  她点燃蜡烛。

  ② upon prep.“在...上”  upon 与on同义,但通常用于比较正式的场合 The decision was based upon two considerations.   这个决定是基于双重考虑。

【知识拓展】 once upon a time “从前”,用于故事的开头,含有该短语的句子时态常用一般过去时 Once upon a time there was a beautiful princess.   很久很久以前有一位美丽的公主。

  3.Suddenly one of them passed out and fell across her desk.    ①suddenly adv.突然地,相当于all of a sudden.        Suddenly, my dog barked at the door.     sudden形容词,意为:突然的,意外的;
也可作名词,意为:突然发生的事     They faced a sudden storm.   他们面临一场突如其来的风暴。

 ②pass out  昏迷,失去知觉         I nearly passed out  when I saw the blood.     当我看到血时我几乎要晕倒。

  4.The director hurried down from the control room above.    hurry v. 急忙,匆忙    hurry to do sth.匆忙做某事          He hurried to finish his homework.     他匆忙做完作业。

【知识拓展】    1)hurry还可用作名词,  常用搭配:in a hurry 匆忙    in no hurry 不着急           He put on his clothes in no hurry.  他不慌不忙地穿上衣服。  2)hurried adj.匆忙的      hurriedly副词         He ran to the bus station hurriedly.      他匆忙地跑去车站。

   They had to make a hurried decision.     他们不得不做出一个仓促的决定。

3)hurry off 匆忙离开    hurry back  快速返回     hurry up 赶紧,赶快     5.“We need another contestant,” he shouted.   another adj. 又一,再一;
泛指三个或以上的另一个。其后接单数名词/基数词+复数名词。    【知识拓展】     1)another +基数词+复数名词=基数词+more+复数名词       I want to eat another two cakes.=I want to eat two more cakes.    我想再吃多两个蛋糕。

    I don’t like this shirt, please show me another one  .    我不喜欢这件衬衫,请再给我一件。     2)another还可作代词,意为:另一个,又一个。        The conversation drifted from one subject to another.     谈话从一个话题转到另一个话题。

 3)one another 互相(三者及以上)    Three little pigs helped one another build the house.   三只小猪互相帮助对方建房子。

  6. Who among you wants to be on TV? among  prep. 在....中 ,常见的用法有:
(1)表示位置,意为“在...中间”,常指三者或三者以上的人或事物之间   The village is among the hills.    这个村庄在群山之中。

(2)表示包括在内,意为“在...之中”   Among her novels, this is the best.    在他的小说中,这一本书最好的。

(3)与形容词的最高级连用,意为“...之一”  Beijing is among the largest cities in China.   北京是中国最大的城市之一。

Ø 辨析among 与between among 用于三个或三个以上的人或物之间,或笼统的一群人或事物之中 between 用于两个人或物之间 【活学活练】 There is a hospital between the bank and the school.    在银行和学校中间有一所医院。

This song is very popular among the young people.     这首歌在年轻人中很流行。

  7. Angela raised her hand. raise(raised, raised) v. 举起 Ø 辨析 raise 与rise raise 及物动词 “举起,使...升高,筹集(钱财)” ,表示使物体达到应有的高度,多表示提高薪水、举手、抬头等 rise 不及物动词 “升起,上升” 可以指任何东西由较低的位置上升到较高的位置,多用来表示日月星辰的升起、河水或物价上涨。

【活学活练】 (1) The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.   太阳东升西落。

(2) I think we should raise some money for them.  我认为我们应该为他们筹钱。

(3) Suddenly he raised his head and shouted at me. 突然他抬头向我大吼。

  8. He led her onto the stage, and a make-up artist rushed forward.     ① lead(led,led)  vt.领导,指引 【知识拓展】  1)lead sb to sp.   把某人带去某地                2)lead to 导致,通向      【活学活练】 (1) He led us to the museum.    他带我们到博物馆。

(2) The street leads to the park.   这条路通向公园          (3) Heart failure leads to the patient’s death.   心力衰竭导致病人的死亡。

  ② forward adv. 向前           反义词:backward 【知识拓展】    look forward to   期待,希望 (1) She took another step forward.   她向前走多一步。

(2) I look forward to receiving her letter.  我期待收她的来信。

  9. Today I took part in a quiz show at a TV studio. take part in  “参加” 多指参加有积极意义的群众性活动 You can take part in the party on Sunday evening. Ø 辨析 take part in, join, join in, attend take part in  “参加”  后面跟群众性的活动、会议等,参加者持积极的态度,起一定的作用 join  “参加或加入某组织或团体,并成为其中的一员” ,其后通常跟表示团体、组织、党派等的词 join in “参加(某活动)”  尤其指和其他人一起参加某项活动in 后接表示一项活动的名词或动名词 attend “参加,出席” 指与别人一道出席会议,参加典礼、婚礼等,着重指参加的动作,不一定起应有的作用。

练一练:
(1) I will never forget the day when I joined the Party.     (2) Will you join us for dinner? (3) Will you take part in the English evening? (4) I didn’t attend the meeting. (5) May I join in the game? (6) My elder brother join the army two years ago.   10. Who took the woman’s place ? take one’s place “代替某人,替代” ,也可写作take the place of sb. She couldn’t attend the meeting so her assistant took her place/took the place of her. 她没法参加会议所以她的助手代替她去。

  11. Denise and Angela are different in character. be different in “在...方面不同” The two bikes are different in style.   这两辆车款式不同。

【知识拓展】 be different from 与...不同,表示同类事物间的比较 Your homework is different from ours.   你的作业跟我们的不同。

  12. Travel quiz only lasted 30 minutes. last “持续,延续” 不能用于进行时态. last 后可直接加一段时间,时间前也可以加介词for Our vacation lasts for 28 days.    我们的假期持续28天。

【知识拓展】  last 的其他用法 1)last 用作形容词,意为“最后的,(时间)上一个” The last boy who came in was Bill.   最后一个到的男孩是Bill.   2)last 用作副词,意为“最后,上一次,最近一次” When did you see him last?   你最后一次见他是什么时候? 3)用作名词,常与the连用,意为“最后一个” He was the last to leave.   他是最后一个离开的   13. Sometimes it is easier to give information in tables than to write it out in sentences or paragraphs.  sometimes adv. 有时,相当于at times Sometimes I go to school on foot.  Ø Sometimes ,some times ,sometime, some time区分 sometimes “有时”频度副词,表示动作发生的频率 ,用how often提问 some times “几次/倍”  time 此处为可数名词,意为“倍,次” sometime “某个时间” 副词,用来指不确定的过去或将来的时间,用when提问 some time 一段时间 用来表示一段时间,用how long 提问 Unit5必考语法 语法:Although & though引导的让步状语从句  让步状语从句:表示在从句的前提下,主句的情况依然出现,是用来对比两种观点的,常使用连词although / though进行引导。

  主要用法如下:  1、 although较正式,语气强;
though在口语中更常用。现代英语中两者可随意 换用。although和though引导的让步状语从句放在主句前后均可。

如:Though / Although he was tired, he went on working.      =He went on working though / although he was tired.     2、although / though引导的从句不能与but, however同时连用,但可与yet, still 连用。  Though he was old, but he worked hard.  (×)   Though he was old, yet / still he worked hard.  (√)    3、though还可与even连用构成even though, 但although不可以, 如:Even though I stop my work, I’ll go and help them.    即使我停下自己的活不干,我也要去帮助他们。        4、though可用作副词,意为“然而”,放在句末。although却不可这样用。如:He said he would come,he didn’t, though.   他说要来却没来。

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