第一篇：有头脑的人的选择

the thinking man"s choice

contact is made. nerves order the heart to pump faster. adrenalin surges to action. nerves constrict the blood vessels in the extremities of the body. skin temperature drops. fingers and toes grow colder. blood pressure jump. an alcoholic or a dope addict in the first stages of a "cure"? a man being catapulted into outer space? no! these effects stem from smoking just one cigarette.

the united states public health service is issuing continual warnings to smokers. if they abstain completely from smoking, their chances of acquiring lung cancer will be one in 275. their chances of dying of lung cancer will be one in 10 if they become heavy smokers─two or more packs a day. lung cancer is fatal in 95 per cent of all cases.

but in spite of glaring evidence and frequent warnings, the public is smoking more and more. the department of agriculture estimates that this year"s consumption of cigarettes will reach 180 packs per person fifteen years of age and over. how many cigarettes does this mean per person?─3600.

why is smoking such an important problem? because smoking is not a mere habit, as so many think it is. no, it is more serious than that. a habit can be broken easily enough, but an addiction cannot. smokers lapse into helplessness! daniel schubert, of the university of chicago, quizzed 226 students at a large northwestern college about their smoking habits─why they started, what satisfaction they got, and if they wanted to stop. according to schubert, they wanted to quit smoking; but they couldn"t.

if one is addicted to cigarettes, he is dependent upon them physically, as well as psychologically. what is it, if it is not addiction, that motivates a man to go out in sub-zero weather to buy a pack of cigarettes? if necessary, he will drive ten miles late at night to find an open drugstore. what is it, if it is not addiction, that makes a moocher of an otherwise charming young girl?

i was talking to a professor not long ago who had just quit smoking. he told me what most of you already know─that once the habit is started, watch out! it is next to impossible to stop smoking. i asked him how he ever managed to quit when he had been smoking over a pack a day for ten years. listen to his story.

"well, i cut down to one-half pack a day for the first week.

i was touchy most of the time. the slightest irritation made my nerves jangle and my head want to explode. the next week i smoked five cigarettes a day and had an even worse case of nerves. then the following week i chewed gum and sucked on mints, candy, and pipe stems. frankly, i wasn"t sure from one moment to the next if i could keep going. somehow i made it."

many of you know what this professor is talking about; you, too, have tried to break the addiction, but have failed. in the few minutes we have here today we can analyze the motives at the root of our smoking problem.

perhaps we can assure those who do not smoke, (and i am happy i can still include myself in this group), to nip in the bud the urges of those who are (本文 来自好范文网www.haowOrd.COm)about to begin smoking, and to encourage to cut-down those who are already confirmed smokers.

let"s begin with group pressures. we race to maturity, to grow up all at once. we want poise, selfconfidence, and lots of friends; we want to be accepted.

this need for acceptance reminds me of an incident that occurred in a campus sorority house during the "rushing period" last fall. a sorority member offered a rushee a cigarette. eager to please and not to seem different, the girl blurted out a confident, "oh, yes, i"d love one!" the active struck a match, was calmly extending it toward the rushee when the flustered freshman met the active half-way with cigarette in hand. the active was thunderstruck. you can imagine her mixed emotions while striving to stifle her amusement and at the same time to understand that the poor rushee had never smoked before. in the excitement of the moment she was only concerned with being accepted.

then there is the girl who is seated in a group, not knowing what to do with her hands. first, she rolls and unrolls the curl behind her left ear; then she rummages in her purse for some article to wave as a prop. an inspiration flashes, and she remembers the package of kents in her coat pocket. why didn"t she think of them before? she always did think women who smoked looked mature. what a convenient prop to have brought along. convenient? yes, sophisticated? no. years ago, a woman was thought sophisticated if she knew how to smoke. men were impressed. but today the picture is changing, as everyone knows how to smoke─age eleven or up. perhaps now the novelty should be the nonsmoker?

now i ask you. is a woman charming if she can sit with her hands folded gracefully in her lap, or is she more charming while fidgeting with one cigarette after another? and you men specifically─which do you prefer─the lady who needs no props to have poise, or the lady who thinks a cigarette makes her more alluring to you? take a good look at a woman sometime when she is inhaling. she drags hard, makes a puckering noise with her lips, tosses her head back drawing a deep breath─then bellows the smoke out like the gust from a rocket launching. she may even go so far as to blow smoke rings for you. is she dainty? is she feminine?

the power of suggestion is another strong motivating factor in our lives. haven"t you watched someone yawn and suddenly felt your own mouth gape open. you let the power of suggestion get the best of you; and before you realized it, you, too, were yawning. now, couldn"t this same power induce you to smoke? why not, especially through the medium of advertising.

i am reminded of a "mostly malarky" cartoon that i recently clipped out of the chicago tribune. malarky strolled into a drugstore. standing before the counter, he scratched his head in silence. finally, he muttered to the clerk, "i want the thinking man"s cigarette, but i can"t seem to think of the name." poor malarky. he only wanted a package of viceroy as the "thinking man"s cigarette." after all, if he is a thinking man, as he thinks he is, he should, by all means, smoke his own brand.

advertisers are further toying with men"s egos by appealing to their hidden desires to be energetic, vigorous, and potent. marlboro, with its hairy-chested male smoker, has set the pace. the cigarette is made to project the image of a rugged, rough-and-ready guy. doesn"t this explain why many cigarette ads display great flexing of masculine muscles?

the woman, too, is a victim of advertising. vogue cigarettes catch her eye. why? because they come in pastels. how perfectly exciting for the female world! just think! she can now buy cigarettes to match her wardrobe; and what"s more, she can purchase matching cigarette cases and lighters in any color of the rainbow, with jewels or without.

yes, we are frequently victims of suggestive devices. dr. ernest dichtter, head of the institute for motivational research, has conducted a series of studies for ad agencies on the subject of smoking. he states, "people smoke, not because of the taste of cigarettes, but because smoking provides them with certain psychological satisfactions they can get in no other way." he adds that cigarettes are involved in a man"s struggle for survival, stability, and security. i am afraid i cannot agree with dr. dichter, for i believe that a man can survive and can find security without cigarettes. he needs food, he needs shelter, he needs love and companionship; but can"t he satisfy these needs in ways other than smoking?

rationalization makes a strong impact on our lives. are we cultivating rationalizations as an excuse to smoke? i am afraid we are. no doubt 50 per cent of us here have used as an excuse to continue smoking, this very common remark, "if i ever stopped smoking, i would gain ten pounds." perhaps! a cigarette at 4p.m. does not contain the calories that a milkshake does. but the healthy way to lose excess pounds is to eat the right kind and the right amount of food.

we again rationalize when we buy filter tip cigarettes. we assure ourselves that the filter reduces any danger, but according to the july, 1957 edition of reader"s digest, "the tar and nicotine reduction possible through a filter ranges from 7 to 17 per cent. these percentages are too small to be really protective." with a perfect filter no smoke could seep through─just hot air. so many people believe that filters are the solution that filter tips will account for about half of this year"s output. can"t we admit that we are being duped to form a habit that is detrimental to mankind─a habit that leads to addiction?

so you begin to wonder if maybe you should quit smoking─that, after all, you are an individual. what would happen to you tomorrow if some conclusive proof should suddenly come forth─proof that cigarettes are a one-way ticket to death? what would you do? who do not smoke, you"ve seen why others start the habit and the risks they are taking. be on your guard. you, who have the urge to start smoking─you are perched on a fence and can jump to either side. which will you choose? and you, who are already confirmed smokers, are now confronted with the hardest question of all. if you wanted to stop smoking, "could you? could you break the addiction?"

jean nicot, the frenchman who gave his name to nicotine, believed that he had discovered a miracle drug. today we try to filter out nicotine because of its harmful nature. the modern jean nicots believe that smoking makes the woman more attractive, more desirable─the man more masculine, more independent.

we say we are thinking men! well, are we thinking? cigarette, anyone?

到位了。神经命令心脏跳动加快。肾上腺激素开始涌动。神经促使人手脚处的血管开始收缩。皮肤的温度下降了，手指、脚趾渐渐变凉，血压升高了。这些症状是不是发生在一个酒鬼或一个吸毒成瘾者接受"治疗"的第一阶段？抑或是一个人正被弹射到外层太空？不！它们仅来自于吸了一支烟。

美国公共健康服务中心正不断地给烟民们发出警告。他们被告知：如果他们彻底戒烟的话，他们得肺癌的可能将是1/275。如果他们成了一天吸两包烟以上的瘾君子的话，那他们死于肺癌的比例将是1/10。同时必须指出，100个肺癌患者中有95人将最终死亡。

然而，尽管这些吸烟有害健康的证据毋容置疑，并不断向人们发出警告，但吸烟人数还在不断增多。农业部估计，今年的香烟消费量将达到人均180包（15岁以上者）。这将意味着每人吸多少支？3600支。

为什么吸烟是一个如此严峻的问题？因为它不是许多人所认为的只是一个习惯问题。不，它远比习惯来得厉害。一个习惯能轻易地改变，而吸烟一旦上了瘾，就难以自拔了。芝加哥大学的丹尼尔·舒尔伯格曾经对西北一所较大的大学的226名学生就吸烟习惯问题做过一次调查──是什么原因使他们开始吸烟的？他们从吸烟中获得了什么快感？他们是否有戒烟的打算？从舒尔伯格的调查结果来看，那些学生想戒烟，但是办不到。

如果一个人吸烟上了瘾，他即在生理上对香烟产生了依赖感。如果这不是一种瘾的话，那它是什么？是什么力量能促使一个人在零度以下的恶劣天气里出门去买烟？如果必要的话，他甚至会在深夜开十英里车去寻找一个仍在营业的杂货店。如果那不是一种瘾的话，它又会是什么？它怎么会使原先一个迷人的女孩变成一个无所事事、游手好闲的人？

不久前，我和一个刚刚戒烟的教授进行了一次谈话。他告诉我你们大多数人已知道的：一旦抽上香烟，当心！因为要戒烟几乎不大可能。于是，我问他，他是如何养成了一天吸一包烟以上的习惯并持续了十年之后，能成功地戒掉了烟瘾。让我们来听听他的故事吧！

"唔，我在一开始的第一个星期里减少了吸烟的数量，每天只抽半包。在那段时间里，我很容易发脾气。稍有点不如意，就会使我极度烦躁，脑袋也像要裂开似的。第二个星期开始，我每天抽五支烟，那时，我的精神状态更糟了。在接着的第三个星期里，我试着嚼口香糖和薄荷糖，当然还有烟斗杆。坦白地说，能不能坚持下去，我也不能肯定。可不知怎么的，我还是做到了。"

听了他的故事，你们中的许多人知道他在说什么了。因为你们也曾经尝试过戒烟，只是你失败了。现在，让我们花几分钟来分析一下吸烟的根本动机。

这样说，也许我们能够让那些不吸烟的人（我很高兴我自己属于这一类），在要吸烟时就打消这个念头，并鼓励那些已经上瘾的烟民减少吸烟数量。

让我们从外界压力影响这个角度开始分析。我们希望成熟，希望一下子能长大。我们需要平衡、自信和朋友，我们更期盼被人接受。

这种希望接受的愿望使我想到了一件事。那是去年秋天，在一所大学的女生联谊晚会里发生的事。那时，正在举行一个争取新会员的活动。一个联谊会成员给一位新生一支烟。这个新进大学的女孩急切地想取悦他人，不愿做得与众不同，于是，她自信地脱口而出："噢，好的，我很想来一支！"于是，那个递烟的人划了根火柴，平静地伸出手去给她点烟。与此同时，这个新生慌慌张张地拿着烟迎了上去。看着她的样子，递烟的人震惊了。你可想像那复杂的表情。一方面，她努力抑制着自己，不让自己笑出声来；
另一方面，她又深深地理解这个可怜的新生──她以前从未吸过烟。而这个新来的女孩在这个激动的时刻，什么也不顾，只在意她是否被接受了。

让我们再来看一个例子。在一堆人中，坐着一个女孩，她不知道自己的手该怎么放。一开始，她用手反复地拨弄着左耳后的卷发，接着翻弄着钱袋，想找东西握在手里，这样可显得自然些。突然一个念头从她脑子里冒出来，她记起在外衣口袋里还有一包健牌烟。为什么她不早些想到它们呢？她一直认为吸烟的女人看上去更成熟一些。拿着香烟打发双手该有多方便啊！方便？是的。老练？不！在许多年前，一个女人要是知道如何吸烟，人们会认为她很老练，男人们也会被她吸引住的。但是现在，这种观念早就不存在了，因为，现在每个人都知道如何吸烟，甚至八岁的孩子也不例外。现在，不吸烟可能反而是件新鲜事了。

现在让我来问你，如果一个女人坐着，双手交叉着优雅地放在膝上，而另一个女人，双手一支接着一支地抽着烟，哪一个更有魅力？有一个女人不需要任何物体来平衡她的手脚，另一个女人却认为烟能使她对男人更具诱惑力。作为一个男人，具体地说──你喜欢哪一个？好好看看一个女人吸烟的样子，你会看到，她狠命地吸烟，撅起双唇发出一阵"嘶嘶"声，接着往后一仰，把烟深深地吸了进去然后就像火箭发射时喷出的尾气一样，大口地喷出烟雾。她甚至还会向你吐烟圈。这么一个女人，你能说她俊俏，你能说她有女人味？

在我们的生活中，暗示的力量是促使我们行动的另一个关键因素。你有没有这样的经历，当你看到别人打呵欠时，你也会不由自主地打起呵欠来？原来，这已影响了你，在你还没意识到你将干什么之前，你已经这么干了。那么，这种同样的暗示力量会不会也促使你去吸烟呢？怎么不会呢？尤其是广告媒体的影响。

我回想起最近我从《芝加哥论坛》上剪下来的一个名叫"莫斯特立·马拉基"的卡通画，内容讲的是马拉基逛进了一个杂货店，他站在柜台前一言不发，却使劲地抓脑袋，最后，他向售货员嘀咕道："我想买有头脑的人吸的烟，可是我好像想不起它的名字来了。"可怜的马拉基，他想要的仅仅是一包总督牌香烟，广告商却把它描绘成有头脑的人抽的香烟。毕竟，每个人都认为自己是一个有头脑的人，人都是这样认为自己的，他无论如何应该吸自己牌子的烟。

广告商们不断地玩弄男人的自我，即激发他们那种想要精力充沛，充满活力、健康力的内心愿望。万宝路，起了带头作用。它的烟盒上是一个长满胸毛的男子汉。于是，万宝路就有了一个粗犷的、豪放不羁的男人形象。这难道不正解释了为什么众多的香烟广告里，展示的往往都是男性肌肉的强有力的收缩吗？

女性，同样也是广告的受害者。时髦的香烟往往吸引了她们。为什么呢？因为那些烟往往以彩色粉笔状出现。女人的世界是多么令人激动啊！试想一下，她们能够买到与衣服相配的烟了。此外，她们还能够买到与烟匹配的五彩缤纷的或镶嵌着夺目的珠宝的烟盒及打火机。

的确，我们常常是带有诱导性物件的受害者。动机研究院的负责人欧内斯特·狄彻特博士，曾为广告公司在吸烟方面进行过一系列的研究。他指出："人们吸烟并不为了烟的味道，而是因为通过吸烟，他们能够获得一种通过其他方式难以得到的心理上的满足。"他补充道，香烟同一个人为了生存、稳定、安全而奋斗有很大的关系。我恐怕不能同意他的观点。我认为，一个人没有烟也能够找到安全感。一个人需要的是食物、住房、爱与友情。难道他不能通过吸烟以外的方式来满足他的这些需要吗？

自我辩解对我们的生活有很大的影响。我们是不是在把自我辩解用作吸烟的借口？恐怕是这样的。毫无疑问，我们中有一半的人把这类话作为一个借口来继续吸烟，"我一旦戒烟，我体重将增加10磅。"可能会这样！在下午4点吸的一支烟里不含有一杯牛奶所含有的热量。但是，健康的减肥方法不是通过吸烟，而是吃合适的和适量的食物。

当我们购买带过滤嘴的香烟时，我们又自己辩解、找理由，我们使自己相信这个过滤嘴能过滤掉任何有害物质。但根据1957年7月版的《读者文摘》上的一篇报道："通过一个过滤嘴，焦油和尼古丁含量可能会减少7％～17％。可这百分比太小，远远起不到真正的保护作用。"如搞出一个完美的过滤嘴，那就没有烟而只有热空气能够通过了。如此多的人相信这种过滤嘴是一个解决吸烟有害的好方法，以致于它的产量大约占今年卷烟总产量的50％。难道我们不承认我们正在受骗，慢慢养成一种对人类有害的习惯──一种会让人沉溺于其中，难以自拔的习惯？

因此，你开始怀疑你是否有可能戒烟──毕竟，人是一个独立的人。如果明天一些结论性的论据一下子成真，完全证明了香烟是通向死亡的单程票，那么，对你有什么影响？你会怎么做？你，不吸烟的人，亲眼目睹了为什么另一些人染上了吸烟的习惯，他们正冒着怎样巨大的风险。所以，当心！你，有想吸烟欲望的人，正坐在栏杆上，你随时可跳向任何一边。你会选择哪一边呢？嗨，你，一个已经吸烟成瘾的人，现在正面临着严峻的问题。如果你想戒烟的话，"你能吗？你能克制你的烟瘾吗？"

让·尼古丁，这个给尼古丁命名的法国人，相信他发现了一种神奇的药物。今天，我们试图把尼古丁过滤掉，因为它是有害的。而现代的让·尼古丁们却相信吸烟能使女人更有魅力，更令人向往，男人更男性化，更独立。

我们自认为是有头脑的人。那么，我们真的有头脑了吗？香烟，谁想来一支？

第二篇：有头脑的人的选择

the thinking man"s choice contact is made. nerves order the heart to pump faster. adrenalin surges to action. nerves constrict the blood vessels in the extremities of the body. skin temperature drops. fingers and toes grow colder. blood pressure jump. an alcoholic or a dope addict in the first stages of a "cure"? a man being catapulted into outer space? no! these effects stem from smoking just one cigarette. the united states public health service is issuing continual warnings to smokers. if they abstain completely from smoking, their chances of acquiring lung cancer will be one in 275. their chances of dying of lung cancer will be one in 10 if they become heavy smokers─two or more packs a day. lung cancer is fatal in 95 per cent of all cases. but in spite of glaring evidence and frequent warnings, the public is smoking more and more. the department of agriculture estimates that this year"s consumption of cigarettes will reach 180 packs per person fifteen years of age and over. how many cigarettes does this mean per person?─3600. why is smoking such an important problem? because smoking is not a mere habit, as so many think it is. no, it is more serious than that. a habit can be broken easily enough, but an addiction cannot. smokers lapse into helplessness! daniel schubert, of the university of chicago, quizzed 226 students at a large northwestern college about their smoking habits─why they started, what satisfaction they got, and if they wanted to stop. according to schubert, they wanted to quit smoking; but they couldn"t. if one is addicted to cigarettes, he is dependent upon them physically, as well as psychologically. what is it, if it is not addiction, that motivates a man to go out in sub-zero weather to buy a pack of cigarettes? if necessary, he will drive ten miles late at night to find an open drugstore. what is it, if it is not addiction, that makes a moocher of an otherwise charming young girl? i was talking to a professor not long ago who had just quit smoking. he told me what most of you already know─that once the habit is started, watch out! it is next to impossible to stop smoking. i asked him how he ever managed to quit when he had been smoking over a pack a day for ten years. listen to his story. "well, i cut down to one-half pack a day for the first week. i was touchy most of the time. the slightest irritation made my nerves jangle and my head want to explode. the next week i smoked five cigarettes a day and had an even worse case of nerves. then the following week i chewed gum and sucked on mints, candy, and pipe stems. frankly, i wasn"t sure from one moment to the next if i could keep going. somehow i made it." many of you know what this professor is talking about; you, too, have tried to break the addiction, but have failed. in the few minutes we have here today we can analyze the motives at the root of our smoking problem. perhaps we can assure those who do not smoke, (and i am happy i can still include myself in this group), to nip in the bud the urges of those who are about to begin smoking, and to encourage to cut-down those who are already confirmed smokers. let"s begin with group pressures. we race to maturity, to grow up all at once. we want poise, selfconfidence, and lots of friends; we want to be accepted. this need for acceptance reminds me of an incident that occurred in a campus sorority house during the "rushing period" last fall. a sorority member offered a rushee a cigarette. eager to please and not to seem different, the girl blurted out a confident, "oh, yes, i"d love one!" the active struck a match, was calmly extending it toward the rushee when the flustered freshman met the active half-way with cigarette in hand. the active was thunderstruck. you can imagine her mixed emotions while striving to stifle her amusement and at the same time to understand that the poor rushee had never smoked before. in the excitement of the moment she was only concerned with being accepted. then there is the girl who is seated in a group, not knowing what to do with her hands. first, she rolls and unrolls the curl behind her left ear; then she rummages in her purse for some article to wave as a prop. an inspiration flashes, and she remembers the package of kents in her coat pocket. why didn"t she think of them before? she always did think women who smoked looked mature. what a convenient prop to have brought along. convenient? yes, sophisticated? no. years ago, a woman was thought sophisticated if she knew how to smoke. men were impressed. but today the picture is changing, as everyone knows how to smoke─age eleven or up. perhaps now the novelty should be the nonsmoker? now i ask you. is a woman charming if she can sit with her hands folded gracefully in her lap, or is she more charming while fidgeting with one cigarette after another? and you men specifically─which do you prefer─the lady who needs no props to have poise, or the lady who thinks a cigarette makes her more alluring to you? take a good look at a woman sometime when she is inhaling. she drags hard, makes a puckering noise with her lips, tosses her head back drawing a deep breath─then bellows the smoke out like the gust from a rocket launching. she may even go so far as to blow smoke rings for you. is she dainty? is she feminine? the power of suggestion is another strong motivating factor in our lives. haven"t you watched someone yawn and suddenly felt your own mouth gape open. you let the power of suggestion get the best of you; and before you realized it, you, too, were yawning. now, couldn"t this same power induce you to smoke? why not, especially through the medium of advertising. i am reminded of a "mostly malarky" cartoon that i recently clipped out of the chicago tribune. malarky strolled into a drugstore. standing before the counter, he scratched his head in silence. finally, he muttered to the clerk, "i want the thinking man"s cigarette, but i can"t seem to think of the name." poor malarky. he only wanted a package of viceroy as the "thinking man"s cigarette." after all, if he is a thinking man, as he thinks he is, he should, by all means, smoke his own brand. advertisers are further toying with men"s egos by appealing to their hidden desires to be energetic, vigorous, and potent. marlboro, with its hairy-chested male smoker, has set the pace. the cigarette is made to project the image of a rugged, rough-and-ready guy. doesn"t this explain why many cigarette ads display great flexing of masculine muscles? the woman, too, is a victim of advertising. vogue cigarettes catch her eye. why? because they come in pastels. how perfectly exciting for the female world! just think! she can now buy cigarettes to match her wardrobe; and what"s more, she can purchase matching cigarette cases and lighters in any color of the rainbow, with jewels or without. yes, we are frequently victims of suggestive devices. dr. ernest dichtter, head of the institute for motivational research, has conducted a series of studies for ad agencies on the subject of smoking. he states, "people smoke, not because of the taste of cigarettes, but because smoking provides them with certain psychological satisfactions they can get in no other way." he adds that cigarettes are involved in a man"s struggle for survival, stability, and security. i am afraid i cannot agree with dr. dichter, for i believe that a man can survive and can find security without cigarettes. he needs food, he needs shelter, he needs love and companionship; but can"t he satisfy these needs in ways other than smoking? rationalization makes a strong impact on our lives. are we cultivating rationalizations as an excuse to smoke? i am afraid we are. no doubt 50 per cent of us here have used as an excuse to continue smoking, this very common remark, "if i ever stopped smoking, i would gain ten pounds." perhaps! a cigarette at 4p.m. does not contain the calories that a milkshake does. but the healthy way to lose excess pounds is to eat the right kind and the right amount of food. we again rationalize when we buy filter tip cigarettes. we assure ourselves that the filter reduces any danger, but according to the july, 1957 edition of reader"s digest, "the tar and nicotine reduction possible through a filter ranges from 7 to 17 per cent. these percentages are too small to be really protective." with a perfect filter no smoke could seep through─just hot air. so many people believe that filters are the solution that filter tips will account for about half of this year"s output. can"t we admit that we are being duped to form a habit that is detrimental to mankind─a habit that leads to addiction? so you begin to wonder if maybe you should quit smoking─that, after all, you are an individual. what would happen to you tomorrow if some conclusive proof should suddenly come forth─proof that cigarettes are a one-way ticket to death? what would you do? who do not smoke, you"ve seen why others start the habit and the risks they are taking. be on your guard. you, who have the urge to start smoking─you are perched on a fence and can jump to either side. which will you choose? and you, who are already confirmed smokers, are now confronted with the hardest question of all. if you wanted to stop smoking, "could you? could you break the addiction?" jean nicot, the frenchman who gave his name to nicotine, believed that he had discovered a miracle drug. today we try to filter out nicotine because of its harmful nature. the modern jean nicots believe that smoking makes the woman more attractive, more desirable─the man more masculine, more independent. we say we are thinking men! well, are we thinking? cigarette, anyone? 到位了。神经命令心脏跳动加快。肾上腺激素开始涌动。神经促使人手脚处的血管开始收缩。皮肤的温度下降了，手指、脚趾渐渐变凉，血压升高了。这些症状是不是发生在一个酒鬼或一个吸毒成瘾者接受"治疗"的第一阶段？抑或是一个人正被弹射到外层太空？不！它们仅来自于吸了一支烟。

然而，尽管这些吸烟有害健康的证据毋容置疑，并不断向人们发出警告，但吸烟人数还在不断增多。农业部估计，今年的香烟消费量将达到人均180包（15岁以上者）。这将意味着每人吸多少支？3600支。

为什么吸烟是一个如此严峻的问题？因为它不是许多人所认为的只是一个习惯问题。不，它远比习惯来得厉害。一个习惯能轻易地改变，而吸烟一旦上了瘾，就难以自拔了。芝加哥大学的丹尼尔·舒尔伯格曾经对西北一所较大的大学的226名学生就吸烟习惯问题做过一次调查──是什么原因使他们开始吸烟的？他们从吸烟中获得了什么快感？他们是否有戒烟的打算？从舒尔伯格的调查结果来看，那些学生想戒烟，但是办不到。

如果一个人吸烟上了瘾，他即在生理上对香烟产生了依赖感。如果这不是一种瘾的话，那它是什么？是什么力量能促使一个人在零度以下的恶劣天气里出门去买烟？如果必要的话，他甚至会在深夜开十英里车去寻找一个仍在营业的杂货店。如果那不是一种瘾的话，它又会是什么？它怎么会使原先一个迷人的女孩变成一个无所事事、游手好闲的人？ 不久前，我和一个刚刚戒烟的教授进行了一次谈话。他告诉我你们大多数人已知道的：一旦抽上香烟，当心！因为要戒烟几乎不大可能。于是，我问他，他是如何养成了一天吸一包烟以上的习惯并持续了十年之后，能成功地戒掉了烟瘾。让我们来听听他的故事吧！ "唔，我在一开始的第一个星期里减少了吸烟的数量，每天只抽半包。在那段时间里，我很容易发脾气。稍有点不如意，就会使我极度烦躁，脑袋也像要裂开似的。第二个星期开始，我每天抽五支烟，那时，我的精神状态更糟了。在接着的第三个星期里，我试着嚼口香糖和薄荷糖，当然还有烟斗杆。坦白地说，能不能坚持下去，我也不能肯定。可不知怎么的，我还是做到了。" 听了他的故事，你们中的许多人知道他在说什么了。因为你们也曾经尝试过戒烟，只是你失败了。现在，让我们花几分钟来分析一下吸烟的根本动机。

这样说，也许我们能够让那些不吸烟的人（我很高兴我自己属于这一类），在要吸烟时就打消这个念头，并鼓励那些已经上瘾的烟民减少吸烟数量。

让我们从外界压力影响这个角度开始分析。我们希望成熟，希望一下子能长大。我们需要平衡、自信和朋友，我们更期盼被人接受。

这种希望接受的愿望使我想到了一件事。那是去年秋天，在一所大学的女生联谊晚会里发生的事。那时，正在举行一个争取新会员的活动。一个联谊会成员给一位新生一支烟。这个新进大学的女孩急切地想取悦他人，不愿做得与众不同，于是，她自信地脱口而出："噢，好的，我很想来一支！"于是，那个递烟的人划了根火柴，平静地伸出手去给她点烟。与此同时，这个新生慌慌张张地拿着烟迎了上去。看着她的样子，递烟的人震惊了。你可想像那复杂的表情。一方面，她努力抑制着自己，不让自己笑出声来；
另一方面，她又深深地理解这个可怜的新生──她以前从未吸过烟。而这个新来的女孩在这个激动的时刻，什么也不顾，只在意她是否被接受了。

让我们再来看一个例子。在一堆人中，坐着一个女孩，她不知道自己的手该怎么放。一开始，她用手反复地拨弄着左耳后的卷发，接着翻弄着钱袋，想找东西握在手里，这样可显得自然些。突然一个念头从她脑子里冒出来，她记起在外衣口袋里还有一包健牌烟。为什么她不早些想到它们呢？她一直认为吸烟的女人看上去更成熟一些。拿着香烟打发双手该有多方便啊！方便？是的。老练？不！在许多年前，一个女人要是知道如何吸烟，人们会认为她很老练，男人们也会被她吸引住的。但是现在，这种观念早就不存在了，因为，现在每个人都知道如何吸烟，甚至八岁的孩子也不例外。现在，不吸烟可能反而是件新鲜事了。

现在让我来问你，如果一个女人坐着，双手交叉着优雅地放在膝上，而另一个女人，双手一支接着一支地抽着烟，哪一个更有魅力？有一个女人不需要任何物体来平衡她的手脚，另一个女人却认为烟能使她对男人更具诱惑力。作为一个男人，具体地说──你喜欢哪一个？好好看看一个女人吸烟的样子，你会看到，她狠命地吸烟，撅起双唇发出一阵"嘶嘶"声，接着往后一仰，把烟深深地吸了进去然后就像火箭发射时喷出的尾气一样，大口地喷出烟雾。她甚至还会向你吐烟圈。这么一个女人，你能说她俊俏，你能说她有女人味？ 在我们的生活中，暗示的力量是促使我们行动的另一个关键因素。你有没有这样的经历，当你看到别人打呵欠时，你也会不由自主地打起呵欠来？原来，这已影响了你，在你还没意识到你将干什么之前，你已经这么干了。那么，这种同样的暗示力量会不会也促使你去吸烟呢？怎么不会呢？尤其是广告媒体的影响。

我回想起最近我从《芝加哥论坛》上剪下来的一个名叫"莫斯特立·马拉基"的卡通画，内容讲的是马拉基逛进了一个杂货店，他站在柜台前一言不发，却使劲地抓脑袋，最后，他向售货员嘀咕道："我想买有头脑的人吸的烟，可是我好像想不起它的名字来了。"可怜的马拉基，他想要的仅仅是一包总督牌香烟，广告商却把它描绘成有头脑的人抽的香烟。毕竟，每个人都认为自己是一个有头脑的人，人都是这样认为自己的，他无论如何应该吸自己牌子的烟。

广告商们不断地玩弄男人的自我，即激发他们那种想要精力充沛，充满活力、健康力的内心愿望。万宝路，起了带头作用。它的烟盒上是一个长满胸毛的男子汉。于是，万宝路就有了一个粗犷的、豪放不羁的男人形象。这难道不正解释了为什么众多的香烟广告里，展示的往往都是男性肌肉的强有力的收缩吗？ 女性，同样也是广告的受害者。时髦的香烟往往吸引了她们。为什么呢？因为那些烟往往以彩色粉笔状出现。女人的世界是多么令人激动啊！试想一下，她们能够买到与衣服相配的烟了。此外，她们还能够买到与烟匹配的五彩缤纷的或镶嵌着夺目的珠宝的烟盒及打火机。

的确，我们常常是带有诱导性物件的受害者。动机研究院的负责人欧内斯特·狄彻特博士，曾为广告公司在吸烟方面进行过一系列的研究。他指出："人们吸烟并不为了烟的味道，而是因为通过吸烟，他们能够获得一种通过其他方式难以得到的心理上的满足。"他补充道，香烟同一个人为了生存、稳定、安全而奋斗有很大的关系。我恐怕不能同意他的观点。我认为，一个人没有烟也能够找到安全感。一个人需要的是食物、住房、爱与友情。难道他不能通过吸烟以外的方式来满足他的这些需要吗？ 自我辩解对我们的生活有很大的影响。我们是不是在把自我辩解用作吸烟的借口？恐怕是这样的。毫无疑问，我们中有一半的人把这类话作为一个借口来继续吸烟，"我一旦戒烟，我体重将增加10磅。"可能会这样！在下午4点吸的一支烟里不含有一杯牛奶所含有的热量。但是，健康的减肥方法不是通过吸烟，而是吃合适的和适量的食物。

当我们购买带过滤嘴的香烟时，我们又自己辩解、找理由，我们使自己相信这个过滤嘴能过滤掉任何有害物质。但根据1957年7月版的《读者文摘》上的一篇报道："通过一个过滤嘴，焦油和尼古丁含量可能会减少7％～17％。可这百分比太小，远远起不到真正的保护作用。"如搞出一个完美的过滤嘴，那就没有烟而只有热空气能够通过了。如此多的人相信这种过滤嘴是一个解决吸烟有害的好方法，以致于它的产量大约占今年卷烟总产量的50％。难道我们不承认我们正在受骗，慢慢养成一种对人类有害的习惯──一种会让人沉溺于其中，难以自拔的习惯？ 因此，你开始怀疑你是否有可能戒烟──毕竟，人是一个独立的人。如果明天一些结论性的论据一下子成真，完全证明了香烟是通向死亡的单程票，那么，对你有什么影响？你会怎么做？你，不吸烟的人，亲眼目睹了为什么另一些人染上了吸烟的习惯，他们正冒着怎样巨大的风险。所以，当心！你，有想吸烟欲望的人，正坐在栏杆上，你随时可跳向任何一边。你会选择哪一边呢？嗨，你，一个已经吸烟成瘾的人，现在正面临着严峻的问题。如果你想戒烟的话，"你能吗？你能克制你的烟瘾吗？" 让·尼古丁，这个给尼古丁命名的法国人，相信他发现了一种神奇的药物。今天，我们试图把尼古丁过滤掉，因为它是有害的。而现代的让·尼古丁们却相信吸烟能使女人更有魅力，更令人向往，男人更男性化，更独立。

我们自认为是有头脑的人。那么，我们真的有头脑了吗？香烟，谁想来一支？

好范文网范文网[chazidian.com]

第三篇：机会偏爱有头脑的人

机会偏爱有头脑的人

文学院07级汉一班李雪

记得75周年校庆的一次校友报告会上，当刘新来校长讲完《大学生活与未来人生》之后，同学们问得最多的问题就是考研了。的确，现在严重的就业形式的使每个人都认为考研无疑是最好的出路，其实也未然，想想大学的主题是什么？是单纯求学，两耳不闻窗外事，还是修身求学，一心追求真善美？是做单一型人才，还是做复合型人才?是被动学习还是主动奋斗？考研与就业，如何抉择，我认为考研只是就业的另一种途径而已，选择一条路认真的走下去才是最重要的，因为机会偏爱有头脑的人。

如果选择了考研，全面的锻炼自己是必不可少的。03级的一位师兄曾对我说当时班上有一半以上的人参加考研，然而考上的却只有三分之一，不能说余下的人是失败的，但这样无疑会在很大程度上影响到自己的人生，再转入社会工作时，就会比那些一早就准备好工作的人稍逊一等了。对于我们这些经过大浪淘沙走进象牙塔里的大学生来说，知识是可以很快掌握，但与此同时必须学会能力的培养。考研首先必须学会认知，认知能力的获取是未来社会生存的一项基本技能，考研不成功至少可以学到一项基本的技能。其次，“创新是一个民族进步的灵魂，是一个国家兴旺发达的不竭动力”作为一位科研工作者，在大学就应该学会以全面的眼光关注世界范围内的科技进步和社会发展，掌握本学科的科研动态，而不能仅仅为了考研而学习，那将是一个学习上的失败者。即使是考研也要注意把求知与做人完美结合，良好的习惯，优秀的品质，高尚的品德却不是朝夕可得的，只有把两者结合，才能成长为一个对社会有用的人，才能实现自己的人生价值。

如果选择了就业，那么最为一个亚社会——大学中的人来说，与社会联系的越紧密，机遇就越多，也就越能锻炼自己，以后走上社会了，能做的事也就越多，所以在大学里就要为以后的就业积累相关的经验。也许工作的热情可能因为所看到的所经历的一些事而改变，但是不必惧怕，只有去适应或承受，才能做出是继续坚持还是退出。对于一个工作者首先必须好好的利用在公共场合说话的机会，展示或锻炼自己，会增加自己的胆识与魄力。其次不要怕得罪人，有人反对，有人支持，然后自己做出决定才是精彩的人生，这样可以训练自己的冷静力，有大事时，能安静并快速想出办法，是一种能力。还要记住，社会是一个最喜欢打碎人的尊严的地方，除了自己，没有人会去保留，在大学工作时，就要懂得利用这个空间锻炼自己，让自己的尊严有足够大的承受力。

进入大学，就是一个新的环境，所有的过去对于别人来说都是一张白纸，前途选择才开始。将来是赶快毕业直接工作，还是考研究生继续深造？将来是进入蓝领、白领还是金领职业层次？不管怎样选择，改变命运的钥匙掌握在自己的手里，成功的机遇总是偏爱有头脑的人。

所以从现在开始，让琅琅的书声回荡在美丽的校园，让矫健的英姿奔跑在运动场上，让多彩的画笔描绘绚丽的未来，让敲击的键盘连接五湖四海，让天使的翅膀挂在云帆，让激昂的青春迎风飞扬。

第四篇：选择决定你成为什么样的人

qinlvhuahui.comcqyggc.com13382014033.comxuhongzhenkong.com 选择决定你成为什么样的人

据国外媒体报道，亚马逊ceo杰夫-贝佐斯（jeff bezos）宣布收购《华盛顿邮报》的消息震撼了全世界，这位身价超过250亿美元的富豪再次让业界感到疑惑。

他这么做的目的究竟是为了什么？贝佐斯2014年在普林斯顿大学毕业典礼上的演讲或许能够给我们一些启示。

8月5日，亚马逊创始人杰夫-贝佐斯（jeff bezos）以2.5亿美元收购《华盛顿邮报》的消息，震撼了整个世界。

这位身价超过250亿美元的富豪，以不到1%的财富入主拥有135年历史的美国老牌报纸传媒，从科技巨头变身为媒体大亨。他会如何利用破坏性创新，改造连年亏损的报纸产业，这引发了业界的无限想象。

有业界人士猜测，他可能会把《华盛杜邮报》化整为零，让读者用他们想要的方式，读到想看的内容。但也有人认为，贝佐斯会用亚马逊最擅长的数据分析，为读者“订做”个性化新闻。现在，大家都在期待，贝佐斯能否振兴传统媒体产业，从而描绘出新的蓝图。《纽约时报》指出，现年49岁的贝佐斯是个目光长远的思考着，“他是那种愿意顶住华尔街对高利润的要求，并对公司未来进行长远投资的人。”

贝佐斯砸钱买下《华盛顿邮报》，是一种投资，更是一种选择，而这种选择往往意味着困难重重。

2014年，在母校普林斯顿大学的毕业典礼上，贝佐斯勉励年轻人，善用自己的天赋，做出对的选择。因为，“人生到头来，我们的选择，决定了我们是什么样的人。”以下是贝佐斯演讲的主要内容：

小时候，我经常到外公外婆家的德州牧场过暑假，帮忙修理风车、帮牛打疫苗、做些杂活。每天下午，我们还会在一起看电视连续剧。

外公和外婆是我挚爱、崇拜的两位老人。他们都是露营拖车俱乐部的会员，这是一群由airstream露营车车主组成的车队，车队成员定期结伴在美国、加拿大到处旅游。我们每隔几年参加一趟，直接把路用车挂在外公的车子后面，就上路了。三百多辆拖车连成一线，非常壮观。

其中一次，大约在我10岁时。一路上，我都在车子的后座上随意打滚。外公在开车，外婆坐在他旁边，不停地抽着烟。而我很讨厌香烟的味道。

那个年纪的我，只有有机会就喜欢算来算去，做些简单的加减乘除练习。比如，估算汽油的行驶里程数，或者计算买东西花了多少钱。

“抽一口香烟，寿命要缩短两分钟。”

当年，有个警告抽烟的广告，我已经忘记了细节，只记得大意是说，你只要抽一口烟，就会减少几分钟的寿命，好像是两分钟吧。那天，我决定帮外婆算算看：她每天抽多少根烟，每根烟要抽几口等等。

抽一口烟，短命两分钟

当年，有个警告抽烟的广告，我已经忘了细节，只记得大意是说，你只要抽一口烟，就会减少几分钟的寿命，好像是两分钟吧。那天，我决定帮外婆算算看：她每天抽多少根烟、每根烟要抽几口等等。

最后，我很满意地算出来一个差不多的数字，把头伸到车子前座，拍了拍外婆的肩膀，很得意地说：“如果抽一口烟会缩短两分钟的寿命，你已经使自己的寿命减少了整整九年。”直到今天，我都清楚的记得，当年说完这句话，接下来发生的事情，完全都出乎我的意料。我原本以为，自己的聪明会受到称赞：“杰夫，你好聪明，竟然会做这么复杂的计算，算出一年总共有多少分钟，还会用除法的出最终的结果??”，但我的期待并没有发生。结果是，外婆听到我的话后，马上哭了出来。我呆坐在后座，看着外婆哭泣，不知道怎么办。这时，原本一直安静开车的外公，把车子停在公路旁边。他下了车，走到另一头开车门，等我出来。

我惹上麻烦了吗？外公是个非常有智慧、却不多话的人。他从来没有骂过我，但这次，他会不会开口责备我？会不会叫我回到车上，去跟外婆说对不起？我跟他们之间，从来没有遇到过这种情况，无法判断可能的后果。

就这样，我们站在露营车旁，外公看着我，一段沉默后，他温和地、平心静气地对我说：“杰夫，总有一天你会明白，做一个善良的人，要比做一个聪明的人更加困难。”善良比聪明更难做到

今天我要告诉你们的，就是“天赋”和“选择”之间的差别。聪明是一种天赋，而善良是一种选择（cleverness is a gift, kindness is a choice.）。天赋得来容易，但选择往往很困难。你们如果不够谨慎，就可能被自己的天赋所误导，一旦误导，就可能危害到你所选择的价值观。

你们是一群拥有许多天赋、能力的人。

未来，你们的聪明才智必然会派上用场，因为你们即将迈向一个充满惊奇的世界。

将来，我们会发明出大量制造干净能源的方法；
我们会组装出超级迷你的机器，用来穿透细胞，进行修复。就在这个月，科学界传出了了不起的突破：我们创造出了第一个人工合成生命。我也相信，人类终会完全解开脑部的秘密。

凡尔纳（jules verne，法国冒险小说家）、马克吐温、伽利略、牛顿??，这些勇于探索和开创的历史人物，一定都渴望，重新诞生在这个人类天赋愈来愈多的时代。

然而，你们将如何运用自己的天赋才智？有朝一日，你们将以什么自豪，你的才智，还是你的选择？

16年前，我想出了创办亚马逊的主意。那时，我看到互联网的使用量，每年成长2300％，从来没见过任何趋势可以成长得这么快。既然这样，何不成立一家拥有几百万种书籍、在实体世界根本不可能存在的在线书店？这念头深深吸引了我

当年，我刚满三十岁，结婚才一年。我跟太太麦肯西说，想辞掉工作，去搞这个很可能会失败的疯狂创业计划。但万一真的失败，以后要做什么，我还没想到。麦肯西也是普林斯顿毕业的，今天就坐在台下第二排，她给我的回答是，放手去做吧。

从小，我就是个业余发明家，发明过一种用废轮胎做成的自动关门器；
一种用雨伞和锡箔拼凑、但是很难用的太阳能锅子；
还有一种用来唬弄弟弟妹妹的烤盘警报器。我一直想要当个发明家，麦肯西也鼓励我，追随自己的热情。

当时，我在纽约一家金融公司上班，与一群非常聪明的人共事，还有个非常厉害、让我非常佩服的老板。

当我去跟他说，想要自行创业，成立一家专门在网络卖书的公司时，他把我带到中央公园散步，仔细地听我说明，最后告诉我，“听起来是很好的想法，但是，它会更适合一个还没有找到好工作的人去尝试。”他说服我，多考虑两天再做决定。

人生意义，就在于你的选择

对我来说，这真是个困难的选择，最终，我决定放手一搏。因为，万一试了以后失败，我并不会后悔；
但如果不去试试看，我可能永远都会耿耿于怀。考虑了很久，我最后选择了一条比较不安全的路，去追随我的热情。今天，对于这个选择，我感到非常自豪。

明天，由你们自己主宰的人生，即将开始。你会如何善用自己的天赋？做出哪些选择？你会放任自己怠惰，还是追随热情？

你会服从教条，还是坚持创新？

你会选择安逸人生，还是服务与开创的人生？

你会在批评之下屈服，还是坚持信念？

你会在犯错的时候蒙混唬骗，还是认错道歉？

你会在遇到逆境时放弃，还是坚毅不屈？

你会是个嘲讽者，还是个建造者？

你会用伤害他人的方法展现聪明，还是宁愿选择善良？

我要斗胆做个预测。当你们活到八十岁，在某个安静的沉思时刻，回到内心深处，想起自己的人生故事时，最有意义的部份，将会是你所做过的那些选择。人生到头来，我们的选择，决定了我们是什么样的人（we are our choices.）。替你们自己写一篇精彩的人生故事吧。

第五篇：选择爱我的人结婚

结婚是每个人心中的神圣的字眼，它昭示着两个人愿意把心交付给彼此。死生契阔、与子成说，执子之手，与子偕老。倘若在茫茫人海中你寻得到这样一个人，你爱着他、他亦爱着你，那就请你们好好珍惜，切莫荒废了这命定的姻缘。可是，纷繁复杂的世界告诉我们，很多时候两情相悦的婚姻只是梦中的一景，难以触摸。因此，我们往往更多面临的是我爱的人和爱我的人之间的选择。我方的观点是：选择一个爱我的人结婚。个中缘由，且听我细细道来。

选择是挑选之意，是一种自主意识过程。结婚是男女双方结为夫妻、约定一生的行为过程。爱我的人是他爱我比我爱他多一些的人。爱我的人是最在乎我的人，在乎我的喜、在乎我的忧，在乎我的每一个表情、每一个动作、每一句话。

我方认为选择一个爱我的人结婚，基于以下理由。

首先，从幸福感的角度来说，爱我的人相较于我爱的人能够给我带来更多的幸福感。幸福是什么？幸福不是长生不老，不是大鱼大肉，不是权倾朝野。幸福是每一个微笑的生活愿望达成。幸福是一颦一笑都有人关注，幸福是一分一秒都有人呵护。幸福是有人爱，有人愿意终其一生与我共同经营那个称作“我们的家”的地方。反过来说，付出可能是一种幸福，可是这种幸福会长久吗？如果爱没有回音，再坚强的心一定也会疲惫的吧。得不到回应的爱，守不住承诺的婚姻，其间的伤该有多重。

其次，从婚姻的稳定性角度来说，选择一个爱我的人结婚更安心、更有利于婚姻的稳定。选择一个爱我的人，他爱我是事实。选择一个我爱的人，他爱不爱我是未知。我握不住别人的爱，可是我管得住自己的心，既然选择了就绝不会辜负了这一份盛情。同样是婚姻，一边是双向的努力，而另一边只是单方面的付出。两种婚姻，何种稳定显而易见，而稳定才是婚姻的根本哪。

再次，不去选择我爱的人是一种放手。放手是一种对爱情和婚姻的超然，所以有一首歌说：对你最好的疼爱是手放开。放手让他飞翔，放手让我爱的人去寻找属于他自己的幸福。与其用婚姻去绑住一个我爱的人、在我爱的人面前苦苦支撑着自己的卑微，不如用婚姻去给我爱的人和我自己一个幸福。成全，成全的不只是别人的潇洒与冒险，还有自己的碧海蓝天。