2016 年 6 月大学英语六级考试真题（第一套）解析 Part I Writing 【参考范文】 When it comes to the issues of living in the virtual world, opinions vary from person to person. Some people believe that the virtual world will enlighten us, while others worry that it will ruin our daily lives. As I see it, people are indulging too much in the virtual world through social networks, on-line games and virtual reality. With computers and virtual social networks becoming pervasive, it can easily be imagined that people’s lives will be absolutely changed in future generations. There is no need for people to do hard and complicated work themselves anymore; instead, mass human labor will be replaced by a few computer programs. The increased use of computer programs to accomplish tasks will naturally isolate people and hinder communication between them. Consequently, people may be increasingly indifferent and cold-blooded towards others. As more and more people choose to live in the virtual world, it is time that we decided our stance on this issue. Part II Listening Comprehension Section A Conversation One 【话题预测】根据选项中的 market research consultant，design，promote products 等词可预测本篇对话与 工作有关。

【正确答案】1—4 D A D B 听力原文 M: So how long have you been a market research consultant? W: Well, I started straight after finishing university. M: Did you study market research? W: Yeah, and it really helped me to get into the industry, but I have to say that it’s more important to get experience in different types of market research to find out exactly what you’re interested in. M: So what are you interested in? W: Well, at the moment, I specialize in quantitative advertising research, which means that I do two types of projects. Trackers, which are ongoing projects that look at trends or customer satisfaction over a long period of time. The only problem with trackers is that it takes up a lot of your time. But you do build up a good relationship with the client. I also do a couple of ad-hoc jobs which are much shorter projects. M: What exactly do you mean by ad-hoc jobs? W: It’s basically when companies need quick answers to their questions about their consumers’ habits. They just ask for one questionnaire to be sent out for example, so the time you spend on an ad-hoc project tends to be fairly short. M: Which do you prefer, trackers or ad-hoc? W: I like doing both and in fact I need to do both at the same time to keep me from going crazy. I need the variety. M: Can you just explain what process you go through with a new client? W: Well, together we decide on the methodology and the objectives of the research. I then design a questionnaire. Once the interviewers have been briefed, I send the client a schedule and then they get back to me with deadlines. Once the final charts and tables are ready, I have to check them and organize a presentation. M: Hmm, one last question, what do you like and dislike about your job? W: As I said, variety is important and as for what I don’t like, it has to be the checking of charts and tables. Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1. What position does the woman hold in the company? 2. What does the woman specialize in at the moment? 3. What does the woman say about trackers? 4. What does the woman dislike about her job? 试题解析 【话题分类】工作与职场 【对话大意】  本对话是有关市场研究顾问的对话， 对话中女士对 tracker 和 ad-hoc 两项工作任务进行描述。

1. 【考核技能】语义理解 D) 【答案解析】根据对话中男士的问题 So how long have you been a market research consultant（你在市场调 查顾问一职做了多久） ，以及女士的回答 I started straight after finishing university（一毕业就开始从事这 一工作） ，可知女士的工作是市场调查顾问。D 项是原文的重述，故选 D。

2. 【考核技能】语义理解 A) 【答案解析】原文提到 I specialize in quantitative advertising research（我专门从事量化广告调研） ，A 项 与原文所述相符。

3. 【考核技能】得出结论 D) 【答案解析】原文提到 Trackers, which are ongoing projects that look at trends or customer satisfaction over a long period of time（追踪表单是不间断的项目，用以长期观察趋势或顾客满意度） 。D 项是原文的同 义转述。

4. 【考核技能】得出结论 B) 【答案解析】对话最后提到 as for what I don’t like, it has to be the checking of charts and tables（至于我不 喜欢的，则是我必须要检查图表） 。B 项与原文相同，故选 B。

Conversation Two 【话题预测】根据选项中的 universities，education 可预测本篇对话与教育有关。

【正确答案】5—8 A B C C 听力原文 W: Hello, I’m here with Frederick. Now Fred, you went to university in Canada? M: Yeah, that’s right. W: OK, and you have very strong views about universities in Canada. Could you please explain? M: Well, we don’t have private universities in Canada. They’re all public. All the universities are owned by the government, so there is the Ministry of Education in charge of creating the curriculum for the universities and so there is not much room for flexibility. Since it’s a government operated institution, things don’t move very fast. If you want something to be done, then their staff do not have so much incentive to help you because he’s a worker for the government. So I don’t think it’s very efficient. However, there are certain advantages of public universities, such as the fees being free. You don’t have to pay for your education. But the system isn’t efficient, and it does not work that well. W: Yeah, I can see your point, but in the United States we have many private universities, and I think they are large bureaucracies also. Maybe people don’t act that much differently, because it’s the same thing working for a private university. They get paid for their job. I don’t know if they’re that much more motivated to help people. Also, we have a problem in the United States that usually only wealthy kids go to the best schools and it’s kind of a problem actually. M: I agree with you. I think it’s a problem because you’re not giving equal access to education to everybody. It’s not easy, but having only public universities also might not be the best solution. Perhaps we can learn from Japan where they have a system of private and public universities. Now, in Japan, public universities are considered to be the best. W: Right. It’s the exact opposite in the United States. M: So, as you see, it’s very hard to say which one is better. W: Right, a good point. Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 5. What does the woman want Frederick to talk about? 6. What does the man say about the curriculum in Canadian universities? 7. On what point do the speakers agree? 8. What point does the man make at the end of the conversation? 试题解析 【话题分类】教育 【对话大意】本对话与教育有关，男士讲述了自己对加拿大教育的一些看法。女士也提出一些自己对教育的看法和意见。

5. 【考核技能】语义理解 A) 【答案解析】从对话中的 and you have very strong views about universities in Canada. Could you please explain可知，女士认为男士对加拿大的大学有明确的看法，并让其解释。由此可知她让 Frederick 讲述对大学的看法。A 项是原文的同义转述。

6. 【考核技能】语义理解 B) 【答案解析】男士提到 All the universities are owned by the government, so there is the Ministry of Education in charge of creating the curriculum for the universities and so there is not much room for flexibility（所有的大学受政府的管理， 因此， 教育部负责设置学校的课程， 所以灵活性很小） 。由此可知 B 项是原文的同义转述。

7. 【考核技能】观点支持 C) 【答案解析】男士提到 I agree with you. I think it’s a problem because you’re not giving equal access to education to everybody（我认为这是个问题，因为每个人受教育的机会并非平等） 。由此可知，两个说话人就“每个人应得到平等的高等教育机会”一问题达成共识。C 项是原文的同义转述。

8. 【考核技能】得出结论 C) 【答案解析】在对话最后，男士提到 it’s very hard to say which one is better（很难说哪个更好） 。这是 他概括得出的结论，C 项是原文的同义转述。由此可知 C 正确。

Section B Passage One  【话题预测】从选项中的 wages，economic recovery，raise，unemployed 可推测出本篇文章与劳工和工资有关。

 【正确答案】9—11 B A C 听力原文 A recent International Labor Organization report says the deterioration of real wages around the world calls into question the true extent of an economic recovery, especially if government rescue packages are phased out too early. The report warns the picture on wages is likely to get worse this year, despite indications of an economic rebound. Patrick Belser, an International Labor Organization specialist, says declining wage rates are linked to the levels of unemployment. “The quite dramatic unemployment figures, which we now see in some of the countries, strongly suggest that there will be greater pressure on wages in the future as more people will be unemployed, more people will be looking for jobs and the pressure on employers to raise wages to attract workers will decline. So, we expect that the second part of the year will not be very good in terms of wage growth.” The report finds more than a quarter of the countries experienced flat or falling monthly wages in real terms. They include the United States, Austria, Costa Rica, South Africa and Germany. International Labor Organization economists say some nations have come up with policies to lessen the impact of lower wages during the economic crisis. An example of these is work sharing with government subsidies. Under this scheme, the number of individual working hours is reduced in an effort to avoid layoffs. For this scheme to work, the government must provide wage subsidies to compensate for lost pay due to the shorter hours. Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard. 9. What is the International Labor Organization’s report mainly about? 10. According to an International Labor Organization specialist, how will employers feel if there are more people looking for jobs? 11. What does the speaker mean by the work sharing scheme? 试题解析 【话题分类】工作与职场 【文章大意】根据国际劳工组织的报告显示，世界各国的实际工资在下降，这会导致失业。

9. 【考核技能】主旨大意 B) 【答案解析】原文提到 A recent International Labor Organization report says the deterioration of real wages around the world calls into question the true extent of an economic recovery （国际劳工组织最近的一份报告显示，全球各地的实际工资状况都在恶化，这让人们对经济复苏的真正程度提出了质疑） 。B 项是原文中 deterioration of real wage 的同义转述。

10. 【考核技能】观点意见 A) 【答案解析】原文提到 there will be greater pressure on wages in the future as more people will be unemployed,more people will be looking for jobs and the pressure on employers to raise wages to attract workers will decline （今后，随着更多的人失业，找工作的人也会增多，工资的压力将会变大，雇主通过涨工资吸引工人的压力也会变小） 。由此可知 A 是原文的同义转述。

11.【考核技能】观点意见 C) 【答案解析】原文提到 Under this scheme, the number of individual working hours is reduced in an effort to avoid layoffs（这一方案减少了个人工作时间，从而避免裁员） 。C 项符合原文所述。

Passage Two 【话题预测】从选项中的 memory，medicine 可推测本篇文章与记忆或医疗有关。

【正确答案】12—15 A D D B 听力原文 Is there really a magic memory pill or a herbal recall remedy? I have been frequently asked if these memory supplements work. You know, one of the first things I like to tell people when they ask me about these supplements is that a lot of them are promoted as a cure for your memory. But your memory doesn’t need a cure. What your memory needs is a good work-out. So really those supplements aren’t going to give you that perfect memory in the way that they promise. The other thing is that a lot of these supplements aren’t necessarily what they claim to be, and you really have to be wary when you take any of them. The science isn’t there behind most of them. They’re not really well-regulated unless they adhere to some industry standard. You don’t really know that what they say is in there is in there. What you must understand is that those supplements, especially in some Eastern cultures, are part of a medical practice tradition. People don’t just go in a local grocery store and buy these supplements. In fact, they are prescribed and they’re given at a certain level, a dosage that is understood by a practitioner who’s been trained. And that’s not really the way they’re used in this country. The other thing people do forget is that these are medicines, so they do have an impact. A lot of times people are not really aware of the impact they have, or the fact that taking them in combination with other medications might put you at increased risk for something that you wouldn’t otherwise be encountering or be at risk for. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard. 12. What question is frequently put to the speaker? 13. What does the speaker say about most memory supplements? 14. What do we learn about memory supplements in Eastern cultures? 15. What does the speaker say about memory supplements at the end? 试题解析 【话题分类】健康 【文章大意】提高记忆力的保健品真的有效吗？有些保健品的疗效不像它们所宣称的那样，也没有科学依据。服用这些保健品还有风险。

12. 【考核技能】 A) 【答案解析】原文提到 I have been frequently asked if these memory supplements work（经常有人问我 ：
这些记忆保健品是否有效） 。A 项与原文是同义替换，故选 A。

13. 【考核技能】观点意见 D) 【答案解析】原文提到 a lot of these supplements aren’t necessarily what they claim to be, and you really have to be wary when you take any of them. The science isn’t there behind most of them（很多保健品并不会像他们承诺的那样有效，你吃这些保健品时也一定要小心。它们大多数都没有科学依据） 。由此可知 D 是原文的同义转述。

14. 【考核技能】语义理解 D) 【答案解析】原文提到尤其在东方文化中，保健品是医疗实践传统的一部分，后面又提到 In fact, they are prescribed and they’re given at a certain level, a dosage that is understood by a practitioner who’s been trained （按一定的标准给人们开药，受过训练的从业人员清楚剂量的使用） 。D 项是原文的同义转述。

15. 【考核技能】概括总结 B) 【答案解析】原文提到 that taking them in combination with other medications might put you at increased risk for something that you wouldn’t otherwise be encountering or be at risk for（将保健品与其他药物同时服用，你会遇到其他风险） 。由此可知 B 项是原文的同义转述。

Section C Recording One 【话题预测】  由选项的 natural disasters，tropical storm 可预测出本篇讲座与自然灾害有关。

【正确答案】16—18 D B A 听力原文 The negative impacts of natural disasters can be seen everywhere. In just the past few weeks, the world has witnessed the destructive power of earthquakes in Indonesia, typhoons in the Philippines, and the destructive sea waves that struck Samoa and neighboring islands. A study by the Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters finds that, between 1980 and 2007, nearly 8,400 natural disasters killed more than 2 million people. These catastrophic events caused more than $1.5 trillion in economic losses. The UN weather expert Geoffrey Love says that is the bad news. “Over the last 50 years, economic losses have increased by a factor of 50. That sounds pretty terrible, but the loss of life has decreased by a factor of 10 simply because we are getting better at warning people. We are making a difference. Extreme events, however, will continue to occur. But, the message is that they may not be disasters.” Love, who is director of Weather and Disaster Risk Reduction at the World Meteorological Organization, says most of the deaths and economic losses were caused by weather, climate, or water-related extremes. These include droughts, floods, windstorms, strong tropical winds and wildfires. He says extreme events will continue. But, he says extreme events become disasters only when people fail to prepare for them. “Many of the remedies are well-known. From a planning perspective, it’s pretty simple. Build better buildings. Don’t build where the hazards will destroy them. From an early-warning perspective, make sure the warnings go right down to the community level. Build community action plans. ” The World Meteorological Organization points to Cuba and Bangladesh as examples of countries that have successfully reduced the loss of life caused by natural disasters by taking preventive action. It says tropical storms formerly claimed dozens, if not hundreds of lives, each year, in Cuba. But, the development of an early-warning system has reversed that trend. In 2008, Cuba was hit by five successive hurricanes, but only 7 people were killed. Bangladesh also has achieved substantial results. Major storm surges in 1970 and 1991 caused the deaths of about 440,000 people. Through careful preparation, the death toll from a super tropical storm in November 2007 was less than 3,500. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard. 16. What is the talk mainly about? 17. How can we stop extreme events from turning into disasters? 18. What does the example of Cuba serve to show? 试题解析 【话题分类】环境与发展 【文章大意】自然灾害的消极影响随处可见， 如果能采取适当的预防措施， 就可避免一些不必要的损失。

16.【考核技能】文章大意 D) 【答案解析】通过第 17、18 题的选项可推测出本篇听力与自然灾害有关，并且引用不同国家的例子来说明采取预防措施的必要性。由此可判断 D 是全文的概括，故选 D。

17.【考核技能】方式方法 B) 【答案解析】  原文提到：
he says extreme events become disasters only when people fail to prepare for them （只有人们没有做好准备时，这些极端事件才会成为灾难） 。此句暗示 ：
如果有准备，就可避免遭遇自然灾 害。由此可知 B 正确。

18.【考核技能】语义理解 A) 【答案解析】原文引用了古巴的例子，提到 ：
The World Meteorological Organization points to Cuba and Bangladesh as examples of countries that have successfully reduced the loss of life caused by natural disasters by taking preventive action（世界气象组织引用古巴和孟加拉国的例子，指出这两个国家通过采取预防措施，成功地降低了由自然灾害引发的人员伤亡） 。由此可知 A 项是原文的同义转述。

Recording Two 【话题预测】根据选项中的 Obama，economy 可预测本篇文章与美国的经济有关。

【正确答案】19—22 C B D D 听力原文 As US banks recovered with the help of the American government and the American taxpayers, President Obama held meetings with top bank executives, telling them it’s time to return the favor. “The way I see it are banks now having greater obligation to the goal of a wide recovery,” he said. But the president may be giving the financial sector too much credit. “It was in a free fall, and it was a very scary period.” Economist Martin Neil Baily said. After the failure of Lehman Brothers, many of the world’s largest banks feared the worst as the collapse of the housing bubble exposed in investments in risky loans. Although he says the worst is over, Bailey says the banking crisis is not. More than 130 US banks failed in 2009. He predicts high failure rates for smaller, regional banks in 2010 as commercial real estate loans come due. “So there may actually be a worsening of credit availability to small and medium sized businesses in the next year or so.” Analysts say the biggest problem is high unemployment, which weakens demand and makes banks reluctant to lend. But US Bancorp chief Richard Davis sees the situation differently. “We’re probably more optimistic than the experts might be. With that in mind, we’re putting in everything we can, lending is the core to our engine, so we want to make more loans. We have to find a way to qualify more people and not put ourselves at risks.” While some economists predict continued recovery in the future, Baily says the only certainty is that banks are unlikely to make the same mistakes—twice. “You know, forecasting’s become a very hazardous business so I don’t want to commit myself too much. I don’t think we know exactly what’s going to happen but it’s certainly possible that we could get very slow growth over the next year or two.” If the economy starts to shrink again, Baily says it would make a strong case for a second stimulus—something the Obama administration hopes will not be necessary. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard. 19. What does President Obama hope the banks will do? 20. What is Martin Neil Baily’s prediction about the financial situation in the future? 21. What does US Bancorp chief Richard Davis say about its future operation? 22. What does Martin Neil Baily think of a second stimulus to the economy? 试题解析 【话题分类】经济 【文章大意】美国总统奥巴马认为银行有义务来帮助实现更大范围上的经济复苏，地区性银行的破产率并未降低。如果再次出现经济萎缩，就需要经济刺激。

19. 【考核技能】语义理解 C) 【答案解析】原文提到 The way I see it are banks now having a greater obligation to the goal of a wide recovery（我认为，银行现在有更大的义务，须帮助实现经济的大面积复苏） 。C 项 contribute to 是 have an obligation to 的同义转述。

20.【考核技能】语义理解 B) 【答案解析】原文提到 He predicts high failure rates for smaller, regional banks in 2010 as commercial real estate loans come due（他预测，由于商业不动产贷款到期，小型地区性银行在 2010 年的破产概率会比较高） 。由此可知 B 项是原文的复述。

21.【考核技能】观点意见 D) 【答案解析】原文提到 lending is the core to our engine, so we want to make more loans（借款是我们引擎的核心，所以我们想要发放更多的贷款） 。由此可知 D 是原文的同义转述。

22.【考核技能】观点意见 D) 【答案解析】原文提到 If the economy starts to shrink again, Baily says it would make a strong case for a second stimulus（如果经济开始再次萎缩，贝利说这将亟需第二次经济刺激） 。D 是原文的同义转述。

Recording Three 【话题预测】从选项中的 lifestyle，cognitive 可推测本篇文章与认知能力相关。

【正确答案】23—25 A A C 听力原文 A new study has failed to find any conclusive evidence that lifestyle changes can prevent cognitive decline in older adults. Still there are good reasons to make positive changes in how we live and what we eat as we age. Cognitive decline is the loss of ability to learn new skills, or recall words, names, and faces that is most common as we age. To reduce or avoid it, researchers have examined the effect of smoking, diet, brain-challenging games, exercise and other strategies. Researchers at Duke University scrutinized more than 160 published studies and found an absence of strong evidence that any of these approaches can make a big difference. Co-author James Burke helped design the study. “In the observational studies we found that some of the B vitamins were beneficial. Exercise, diet, cognitive stimulation showed some positive effects, although the evidence was not so strong that we could actually consider these firmly established.” Some previous studies have suggested that challenging your brain with mentally stimulating activities might help. And Burke says that actually does seem to help, based on randomized studies—the researcher’s gold standard. “Cognitive stimulation is one of the areas where we did find some benefit. The exact type of stimulation that an individual uses is not as important as being intellectually engaged.” The expert review also found insufficient evidence to recommend any drugs or dietary supplements that could prevent or slow cognitive decline. However, given that there is at least some evidence for positive effects from some of these lifestyle changes, plus other benefits apparently unrelated to cognitive decline, Burke was willing to offer some recommendations. “I think that by having people adopt a healthy lifestyle, both from a medical standpoint as well as nutritional and cognitive stimulation standpoint, we can reduce the incidence of cognitive decline, which will be proof that these factors are, in fact, important.” James Burke of Duke University is one of the authors of a study reviewing previous research on cognitive decline. The paper is published online by the Annals of Internal Medicine. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard. 23. According to the speaker, what might be a symptom of cognitive decline in older adults? 24. According to James Burke, what does seem to help reduce cognitive decline? 25. What did James Burke recommend to reduce the incidence of cognitive decline? 试题解析 【话题分类】健康 【文章大意】本文主要讲述老年人认知能力的下降，以及应对下降的方法，如锻炼、认知刺激、改变不良的生活习惯。

23.【考核技能】语义理解 A) 【答案解析】原文提到 Cognitive decline is the loss of ability to learn new skills, or recall words, names, and faces that is most common as we age（随着我们年龄的增长，最常见的认知能力衰退是学习新技能，或者回忆文字、名字和面孔的能力丧失） 。由此可知 A 与原文所述相符。

24. 【考核技能】方式方法 A) 【答案解析】原文提到 Exercise, diet, cognitive stimulation showed some positive effects（锻炼、规定饮食、认知刺激显示出一些积极的效果） 。由此可知 A 是原文的重述。

25. 【考核技能】方式方法 C) 【答案解析】原文提到 I think that by having people adopt a healthy lifestyle, both from a medical standpoint as well as nutritional and cognitive stimulation standpoint, we can reduce the incidence of cognitive decline （我认为， 从医学角度以及营养和认知刺激角度来看，人们选择健康的生活方式，就能降低认知能力衰退出现的概率） 。由此可知 C 项“努力改掉不健康的生活方式”符合题意。

Part III Reading Comprehension Section A 【答案解析】 26. O) undertakes。根据原文中的 The adolescent becomes an adult when he _____ a real job 可知本题需要填入动词，其时态要与前面的 becomes 一致，故 O 符合题意，undertake 意为“承担” 。

27. K) occupation。本题的答案在 an 后面， 应是元音开头的名词， 由此可知 K 符合条件， occupation 意为“职业” 。

28. H) existence。根据句子结构可判断此处需要填入名词，上文提到 too ideal，本句又出现 such ideals，由此可判断本句是指理想的存在，故 H 正确。

29. J) intolerant。原文中 rapidly leads adolescents to become _____ of the non-idealistic world 意为 ：
前面的那种理想似的想法会迅速导致青年人 _____ 这非理想化的世界。选项 J 符合逻辑，intolerant 意为“无法忍受的” 。

30. A) automatically。本题需要填入副词。原文提到 true adaptation to society comes _____，意为 ：
_____ 去适应社会。由此可知 A 项 automatically （自然地）符合逻辑。

31. N) slightly。由 taken _____ out of context 可判断 taken 后应加副词，take out of context 意为“断章取义” ，N 项 slightly（轻微地）符合题意。

32. E) emphasizing。本句应填入动词的 -ing 形式，构成过去进行时，emphasize 意为“强调” 。这里意为 ：他所强调的是…… 33. M) recession。根据原文中的 As careers and vocations become less available during times of _____ 可知，在萧条时期才不好找工作，由此可知 recession（衰退，不景气）符合题意。

34. D) confused。由原文中的 Such difficult economic times may leave many adolescents _____ about their roles in society 可知 confused（迷茫的，困惑的）符合逻辑，confused about 意为“对……感到困惑，迷茫” 。

35. B) beneficial。副词后面可接形容词，选项中 beneficial 意为“有益的，有利的” ，符合逻辑。economically beneficial 意为 ：
在经济上有利的。

Section B 36. Examples show that both rich and poor countries exploited the environment for economic progress. 【正确答案】I 【答案解析】根据题干中的关键词 example，rich and poor countries 可将答案定位至 I 段。本段提到 But there are also many examples of growing wealth by trashing the environment, in rich and poor parts of the world alike （富国和穷国都通过破坏环境来创造财富） ，  trash the environment 与 exploited the environment 相对应。

37. Environmental protection and improvement benefit people all over the world. 【正确答案】C 【答案解析】由题干中的关键词 environmental protection and improvement 可将答案定位至 C 段，本段提 到 The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects the well-being of peoples and economic development throughout the world（人类环境的保护和改善是影响到世界人民幸福和经济发展的主要问题） 。题干是原文的概括。

38. It is not necessarily true that economic growth will make our world cleaner. 【正确答案】L 【答案解析】由题干中的关键词 necessarily 可将答案定位至 L 段。

本段提到 ：
So it is saying that economic development should make for a cleaner world? Not necessarily（经济发展未必会造成一个更干净的世界） ，由此可知本题与原文所述相符。

39. The common theme of the UN reports is the relation between environmental protection and economic growth. 【正确答案】D 【答案解析】由题干中的关键词 common 可将答案定位至 D 段，本段提到 ：
you will find that the linkage between environmental protection and economic progress is a common thread（环境保护和经济发展之间的联系是一个共同的思路） 。由此可知本题是原文的同义转述。

40. Development agencies disagree regarding how to tackle environment issues while ensuring economic progress. 【正确答案】K 【答案解析】由题干中的关键词 development agencies 可将答案定位至 K 段，本段提到 development agencies are not united in their view of environmental issues; while some, like the WRI, maintain that environmental progress needs to go hand-in-hand with economic development, others argue that the priority is to build a thriving economy, and then use the wealth created to tackle environmental degradation（各发展机构对环境问题有不同的意见 ：
一些机构，如世界资源研究所认为环境改善需要与经济发展携手前进，而也有机构认为首先应做的是打造繁荣发展的经济，然后用获得的财富来解决环境恶化问题） 。由此可判断出在保证经济发展的情况下，对于如何处理环境问题，发展机构之间意见不统一。

41. It is difficult to find solid evidence to prove environmental friendliness generates more profits than exploiting the natural environment. 【正确答案】E 【答案解析】由题干中的关键词 evidence 可将答案定位至 E 段，本段提到 ：Managing ecosystems sustainably is more profitable than exploiting them, according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. But finding hard evidence to support the thesis is not so easy（根据千禧生态系统评估报告，可持续地管理生态系统比掠夺消耗它更有好处。但是找到确凿的证据来支持这一论点并不容易） 。由此可知 E 是原文的同义转述。

42. Sustainable management of ecosystems will prove rewarding in the long run. 【正确答案】G 【答案解析】根据题干中的关键词 ecosystem 和 rewarding 可将答案定位至 G 段，由原文中的 managing ecosystems sustainably—working with nature rather than against it—might be less profitable in the short term, but certainly brings long-term rewards（可持续地管理生态系统 —— 与自然和谐相处， 而不是破坏它 ——在短期内可能没有多大好处，但是一定会带来长期的回报） 。由此可知 G 是原文的同义转述。

43. A politician noted for being cautious asserts that sustainable human development depends on the natural environment. 【正确答案】A 【答案解析】由题干中的关键词 politician，cautious，depends on the natural environment 可将答案定位至 A 段，一位政治家说道 ：
If our economies are to flourish, if global poverty is to be eliminated and if the well-being of the world’s people enhanced—not just in this generation but in succeeding generations—we must make sure we take care of the natural environment and resources on which our economic activity depends （如果想让我们的经济繁荣，如果想消除全球贫困，如果还想让世界的人民更加康乐——不仅是这一代，还要世世代代都这样——我们必须珍惜经济活动赖以生存的自然环境和资源） 。A 项是原文的概括。

44. Poor countries will have to bear the cost for rich nations’ economic development. 【正确答案】N 【答案解析】由题干中的 poor countries 可将答案定位至 N 段，本段提到 As countries become richer, they produce more greenhouse gases; and the impact of those gases will fall primarily in poor parts of the world（随着国家日益富有，它们会产生更多的温室气体，这些气体则主要影响世界上的贫穷国家） 。由此可知，穷国在承受富国经济发展带来的代价。题干是原文的概括。

45. One recent study warns us of the danger of the exhaustion of natural resources on Earth. 【正确答案】J 【答案解析】根据题干中的关键词 one recent study 可将答案定位至 J 段，本段提到 One recent study attempted to calculate the extent of this “ecological overshoot of the human economy,” and found that we are using 1.2 Earth’s-worth of environmental goods and services—the implication being that at some point the debt will be called in, and all those services—the things which the planet does for us for free—will grind to a halt。

这一小段都在讲人类发展经济造成的“生态超载”问题，警告说我们生存的这个地球在未来某一时刻将会停止运转。

Section C Passage One 【话题分类】经济 【文章大意】互动广告已兴起十余年，这些年来，这一广告模式蓬勃发展，由于新媒体形式的出现，将互动广告广泛地传播开来。

46.【正确答案】D 【考核技能】语义理解 【答案解析】题干句尾已将答案定位至第一段，本段提到 It’s been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years（在过去十到十二年间每年大家都在热议互动广告） ，再结合第二段第一句话 由逻辑关系可知互动广告并未取得预想的结果，D 与原文同义。

47.【正确答案】C 【考核技能】观点意见 【答案解析】由题干中的关键词 Cablevision 可将答案定位至第二段，本段提到 ：
So the news that Cablevision, an American cable company, was rolling out interactive advertisements to all its customers on October 6th was greeted with some skepticism（美国有线电视公司宣布自 10 月 6 日起向其所有消费者开放互动广告服务， 但受到了大家的质疑） 。skepticism 意为“怀疑态度” ， 由此可知 C 是原文的同义转述。

48.【正确答案】C 【考核技能】概括总结 【答案解析】本题意为 ：数字视频录像机的普遍使用对电视广告业有何影响？根据题干中的关键词digital video recorders 可将答案定位至第三段，本段提到 Spending fell by 10% in the first half of the year.The popularization of digital video recorders has caused advertisers to worry that their commercials will be skipped（上半年支出下降了 10%。数字视频录像机的普及令广告商们担心，自己的广告将被忽略） 。由此可推断出数字视频录像机的普及使电视广告业处于不利地位。C 项 place… at a great disadvantage 意为 ：
使……处于极为不利的地位。C 项是原文的概括，故选 C。

49.【正确答案】B 【考核技能】语义理解 【答案解析】根据题目中的关键词 Unilever 可将答案定位至第四段，该段提到 Unilever recently ran an interactive campaign for its Axe deodorant, which kept viewers engaged for more than three minutes on average （联合利华最近推出其除臭剂的互动活动， 观众的平均观看时间超过了 3 分钟） 。

这表明该广告十分吸引观众， 由此可知 B 正确。

50.【正确答案】A 【考核技能】观点意见 【答案解析】由题干中的关键词 click-through 可将答案定位至最后一段，本段提到 ：
Click-through rates have been high so far (around3–4%, compared with less than 0.3% online), but that may be a result of the novelty（到目前为止，点击率一直很高，是因为新奇） 。选项 A 中的 novel way 是 novelty 的同义转述。

Passage Two 【话题分类】工作与职场 【文章大意】本篇文章主要讲述了失业问题，有人认为美国的高失业是需求不足的结果，但有专家说原因尚不清楚。总而言之，需要采取迫切的行动来解决这一问题。

51.【正确答案】B 【考核技能】缘由结果 【答案解析】由题干中的关键词 the root cause of 可将答案定位至第二段，本段提到 ：
all the facts suggest that high unemployment in America is the result of inadequate demand（所以证据表明，美国的高失业是需求不足的结果） 。B 项是原文的 inadequate demand 的同义转述。

52.【正确答案】D 【考核技能】观点意见 【答案解析】由题干中的关键词 expert 可将答案定位至第四段，本段提到 ：
because experts and analysts believe that declaring the problem deeply rooted, with no easy answers, makes them sound serious（专家和分析人士认为， 宣称这一问题根源很深， 不易回答， 可以使他们听上去很严肃） ， 由此可知 D 项 Groundless（无 理由的，无根据的）符合题意。A 项 Self-evident 意为“不言而喻的” ，B 项 Thought-provoking 意为“发人深省的” ，C 项 Irrational 意为“不合理的” 。

53.【正确答案】A 【考核技能】语义理解 【答案解析】由题干的关键词 Great Depression 可将答案定位至倒数第三段，本段提到 A few years later, a large defense buildup finally provided a fiscal stimulus adequate to the economy’s needs—and suddenly industry was eager to employ those “unadaptable and untrained” workers（几年之后，大笔国防支出终于提供了足够的财政刺激来适应经济的需要 —— 突然间，企业开始雇用那些“不合适和没经过训练的”员工） 。A 项是 a large defense 的同义替换，由此可知 A 符合逻辑。

54.【正确答案】A 【考核技能】观点意见 【答案解析】由题干中的关键词 huge structural problems 可将答案定位至倒数第二段 ：
as then, powerful forces are ideologically opposed to the whole idea of government action on a sufficient scale to jump-start the economy（强大势力在思想意识上完全反对政府在启动经济方面做出巨大努力） ，后面又提到 And that, fundamentally, is why claims that we face huge structural problems have been multiplying（这便是究竟为什么越来越多的声音宣称我们面临巨大的结构性问题） 。由此可知 A 项是原文的同义转述。

55.【正确答案】C 【考核技能】文章大意 【答案解析】最后一段提到 As I said, structural unemployment isn’t a real problem, it’s an excuse—a reason not to act on America’s problems at a time when action is desperately needed（正如我所言，结构性失业并不是真正的问题，它是一个借口——当迫切需要采取行动解决美国问题的时候，人们才有理由不作为） 。作者的意思是迫切需要政府采取行动，故选 C。

Part IV Translation 【参考译文】 In China, innovation is flourishing in an unprecedented speed. In order to surpass the developed countries in the world as fast as it can in science and technology, China has increased funds for research and development substantially in recent years. Chinese universities and institutes are actively carrying out innovation research, which cover high-technology fields such as big data, biochemistry, new energy and robots, etc. They are also cooperating with science and technology parks in different regions so as to commercialize the fruits of their innovation. Meanwhile, to adapt to the constantly changing and increasing needs of foreign and domestic markets, Chinese entrepreneurs are also competing to be pioneers in innovating both products and business models.