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　河北省“五个一名校联盟”2021届高三第一次诊断考试

　英语

　第一部分 听力（共两节）

　第一节（共5小题）

　听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

　1．Where is the woman speaker now?

　A．In the bedroom. B．In the living room. C．In the kitchen.

　2．What did the man buy?

　A．Green tea. B．Orange juice. C．Hot chocolate.

　3．What does the woman ask the man to do?

　A．Move some boxes. B．Make a phone call. C．Drive a car.

　4．Where are the speakers most probably?

　A．In the cafeteria. B．In an office. C．In the woman's house.

　5．What are the speakers talking about?

　A．Which film to watch. B．Whether to watch a film. C．When to watch a film.

　第二节（共15小题）

　听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

　听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

　6．What is the purpose of the man's call?

　A．To confirm an appointment.

　B．To cancel an appointment.

　C．To postpone an appointment.

　7．When will the woman go to the clinic?

　A．On July 16th. B．On July 20th. C．On July 21st.

　听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

　8．How did the man feel about his trip to Florence?

　A．He hated the crowd everywhere.

　B．He particularly liked the Italian food.

　C．He loved everything except for the hotel.

　9．What does the man suggest the woman do?

　A．Learn Italian. B．Buy a suitcase. C．Reserve a hotel.

　听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

　10．Who is the Best Car Design Prize winner?

　A．Mr. Giddings. B．Ms. Miller. C．Mr. Zarba.

　11．Where is the Hyatt Hotel?

　A．On the left side of Granville Avenue.

　B．Opposite a department store.

　C．Across from a bank.

　12．What do we know about the Best Car Design competition?

　A．It was very fierce.

　B．There were few competitors.

　C．The winner will receive much money.

　听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。

　13．Why did Marta quit her first job?

　A．It was really badly paid.

　B．The staff were quite unfriendly.

　C．The boss took no interest in her ideas.

　14．What does Marta find most surprising about the mobile restaurant?

　A．All is advertised online.

　B．Food is never thrown away.

　C．Menus can be easily changed.

　15．What is the best thing about the mobile restaurant for Marta?

　A．Customers pay in advance. B．She can work outdoors. C．No waiter is needed.

　16．What brought difficulty to Marta when she did a meal on a beach?

　A．The sun. B．The wind. C．The rain.

　听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

　17．What can we learn about the band's music?

　A．It is nice to hear while eating.

　B．It is intended for young people.

　C．It is easy for people to dance to.

　18．How many people are there in the band?

　A．Six. B．Eight. C．Twelve.

　19．How did the speaker get to know the band?

　A．From a friend. B．From a newspaper. C．From a band member.

　20．Why was the speaker chosen to join the band?

　A．He was good at playing the guitar.

　B．They were looking for a singer

　C．They heard him singing somewhere.

　第二部分 阅读（共两节）

　第一节（共15小题）

　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

　A

　There are many places worth visiting in the world. Here are some of the places that almost every person wants to see in their life.

　Santorini

　This is one of the most amazing places in the world. It is said to have been destroyed in the 16th century. It has been rebuilt and its beauty increases with every passing day. There are a lot of islands in Greece and sunbathing on any of these would be an unforgettable experience.

　The Capilano Suspension Bridge

　An amazing place to visit in the world is the Capilano Suspension Bridge. This bridge is located in Vancouver in British Columbia, a province of Canada. Its beauty appeals to visitors from all over the world. It's almost 140 meters long and 70 meters above the river.

　Rome

　Another beautiful place to visit is the ancient city of Rome in Italy. It is also known as the center of Western civilization. This city was founded in 753 BC. The Colosseum (罗马斗兽场), which is one of the world's most symbolic monuments, is also in Rome.

　The Taj Mahal

　It is also a good choice to visit the Taj Mahal in India. It is called the monument of love and built to show Mughal Emperor Shah Jeha's love for his wife. It is located on the south bank of the Yamuna River. Its ivory-white color attracts many tourists and it is one of the miracles of the Mughal art of building.

　1. What can visitors do in Santorini?

　A. Go sunbathing.

　B. Visit the monument of love.

　C. Climb the suspension bridge.

　D. Experience western civilization.

　2. To which country does the Capilano Suspension Bridge belong?

　A. Italy.

　B. Greece.

　C. England.

　D. Canada.

　3. What do we know about the Taj Mahal from the passage?

　A. Its roof is made of ivory.

　B. It is a typical Mughal style building.

　C. It was built by Mughal Emperor Shah as his tomb.

　D. It is located on the north bank of the Yamuna River.

　【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B

　【解析】

　这是一篇应用文。世界上有许多值得参观的地方，文章主要介绍了四个旅行目的地的情况。

　【1题详解】

　细节理解题。根据第二段中“There are a lot of islands in Greece and sunbathing on any of these would be an unforgettable experience.(希腊有很多岛屿，在其中任何一个岛屿上进行日光浴都将是一次难忘的经历)”可知，游客在圣托里尼岛可以进行日光浴。故选A。

　【2题详解】

　细节理解题。根据第三段中“This bridge is located in Vancouver in British Columbia, a province of Canada.( 这座桥位于加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省的温哥华)”可知，卡皮拉诺吊桥属于加拿大。故选D。

　【3题详解】

　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Its ivory-white color attracts many tourists and it is one of the miracles of the Mughal art of building.(它象牙白色的颜色吸引了许多游客，它是莫卧儿建筑艺术的奇迹之一)”可知，泰姬陵是一个典型的莫卧儿风格的建筑。故选B。

　B

　The cola wars became a cultural phenomenon. Credit for that goes to Donald Kendall, PepsiCo's brilliant former boss, who died on September 19th aged 99. A gifted salesman, he rose quickly through the ranks from his start on the bottling line to become the firm's top sales and marketing executive at the young age of 35.

　Seven years later he was named CEO. In 1974 he invested in the Soviet Union, which allowed Pepsi to become the first Western product to be legally sold behind the iron curtain. By the time he resigned as boss in 1986, PepsiCo's sales had shot up nearly 40 times, to $ 7.6 billion. His legacy continues to shape the industry.

　Mr. Kendall offered a mix of strategic vision, principled leadership and marketing talent. Two years after taking charge he acquired Frito-Lay, a leading producer of snacks, giving PepsiCo an advantage of diversity that continues to this day. PepsiCo brought in $ 67 billion last year in sales compared to Coca-Cola's $ 37 billion.

　But his most famous move was the all-out marketing blitz (闪电战) against Coca-Cola, long the global market leader in non-alcoholic drinks. The two firms had competed for decades, but they mostly fought low-grade battles. Mr. Kendall changed that, by forcing both companies into an advertising arms race. In 1975 Coca-Cola spent around $ 25 million on advertising and PepsiCo some $18 million. By 1985 those figures had shot up to $ 72 million and $ 57 million, respectively. In 1995 Pepsi outspent Coke by $112 million to $ 82 million.

　This was a risky strategy for both cola competitors but it paid off by helping non-alcoholic drinks win a greater "share of throat". Last year Coca-Cola and PepsiCo remained in the leading position as usual. Also, the cola wars benefited both companies by turning them into "the world's best marketers". Today a decades-long addiction to cut-price quantity growth has been replaced by a focus on income and profits.

　4. What was Donald Kendall's first position in PepsiCo?

　A. CEO.

　B. A worker.

　C. A salesman.

　D. Marketing executive.

　5. What can we learn about Cola companies from the passage?

　A. PepsiCo has always been ahead of Coca-cola in sales.

　B. Coca-Cola preferred low-grade battles to marketing wars.

　C. Coca-Cola bought a snack firm to enrich its product diversity.

　D. PepsiCo spent $ 30 million more than Coca-cola in advertising in 1995.

　6. Why does the author list the figures in the fourth paragraph?

　A. To prove the success of both Cola companies in advertising products.

　B. To suggest both Cola companies spent too much money in advertising.

　C. To describe how PepsiCo got ahead of Coca-Cola in the fierce marketing wars.

　D. To confirm marketing wars between the Cola companies were a wise move.

　7. What is the passage mainly about?

　A. Donald Kendall was to blame for the cola cultural phenomenon.

　B. Donald Kendall was the most successful boss in PepsiCo history.

　C. Donald Kendall started the cola blitz wars and achieved great success.

　D. Donald Kendall's marketing strategies benefited both Cola companies.

　【答案】4. B 5. D 6. C 7. C

　【解析】

　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了百事可乐杰出的前任老板唐纳德?肯德尔利用营销策略，发动可乐大战并取得巨大成功的故事。

　【4题详解】

　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A gifted salesman, he rose quickly through the ranks from his start on the bottling line to become the firm's top sales and marketing executive at the young age of 35”可知，Donald Kendall作为一名有天赋的推销员，他最一开始在生产线上工作，在35岁的时候迅速晋升为公司的销售和营销高管。由此可知，他最一开始是生产线上的一个工人。故选B。

　【5题详解】

　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In 1995 Pepsi outspent Coke by $112 million to $ 82 million”可知，1995年百事可乐的支出是1.12亿美元，超过可口可乐是8200万美元。由此推知，百事可乐在1995年在广告上的花费比可口可乐多30万美元。outspend意为“开支比……更大，花费超过……”。故选D。

　【6题详解】

　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“In 1975 Coca-Cola spent around $ 25 million on advertising and PepsiCo some $18 million. By 1985 those figures had shot up to $ 72 million and $ 57 million, respectively. In 1995 Pepsi outspent Coke by $112 million to $ 82 million”可知，1975年，可口可乐在广告上花了大约2500万美元，百事可乐花了大约1800万美元。到1985年，这些数字分别上升到7200万美元和5700万美元。1995年百事可乐的支出超过可口可乐1.12亿美元，达到8200万美元。很明显，列举这些数字就是为了说明两家公司为了获取市场，在广告方面的激烈竞争。结合选项，C选项表达此意。故选C。

　【7题详解】

　主旨大意题。第一段提到：可乐大战成为了一种文化现象。这要归功于唐纳德·肯德尔。二段主要介绍了Donald Kendall对百事可乐公司的巨大贡献。第三段主要介绍肯德尔收购了零食生产商菲多利，使百事可乐公司占据优势。第四段主要介绍肯德尔的全面的营销策略，这使得百事可乐和可口可乐两家公司进入激烈的广告战。最后一段介绍了肯德尔发起的可乐大战带来的影响。因此整篇文章主要介绍了肯德尔发动可乐大战，并获得巨大成功的过程。C选项切题。故选C。

　C

　Britain is the sixth fattest country within the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). For more than a decade, several Conservative prime ministers have declared obesity a national emergency and promised to take thorough action, only to produce disappointing plans that fall far shy of what is required.

　It should not have taken a disease like Covid-19 to ram home the awful consequences of the UK's obesity. Obesity, as well as its associated conditions of diabetes and high blood pressure, is strongly associated with a higher risk of death from Covid-19 and will have undoubtedly been a factor in the UK having the highest Covid death rate in Europe.

　As the Prime Minister, Boris Johnson's experience of catching the virus and being admitted to ICU has reportedly resulted in a complete change in him, who has previously prided himself on his dislike to an over-controlling state. The government is expected to set out a new strategy this week, aimed at reducing obesity levels both in the next few months—ahead of a possible second wave of infections—and the longer term.

　This apparent change is welcome, but only if it results in a complete change in the government's approach, which doesn't rely on personal responsibility but on much tougher regulation, as with tobacco and alcohol.

　There is abundant evidence about what is needed to cut obesity and in recent years report after report, including from Public Health England and the former chief medical officer, have called for urgent action. Yet these calls were ignored by Conservative ministers who have seemingly put the food and drink industry's financial interests over the health of the nation.

　8. What have Conservative prime ministers done with obesity in the past ten years?

　A. They have denied it is a national emergency.

　B. They have called for immediate action on it.

　C. They have taken thorough steps to control it.

　D. They have made unsatisfying plans to reduce it.

　9. What does the underlined phrase "ram home" in the second paragraph probably mean?

　A. Make people rather tired of.

　B. Make people fully aware of.

　C. Make people highly skeptical of.

　D. Make people deeply ashamed of.

　10. What will the British government probably do next?

　A. It will probably issue a new strategy to cut obesity.

　B. It will probably lay less stress on financial interests.

　C. It will probably set stricter limits on tobacco and alcohol.

　D. It will probably take action to reduce Covid-19 death rate.

　11. What's the best title for the passage?

　A. Obesity, an Urgent Issue in the UK

　B. UK, a Country Suffering from Covid-19

　C. UK, a Country Ready for a Complete Change

　D. Obesity, a Cause of Highest Covid Death Rate

　【答案】8. D 9. B 10. A 11. A

　【解析】

　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了英国如今的肥胖问题已经成为了英国急需处理的问题，文章介绍了英国政府对这一问题所采取的一些措施和取得的成效。

　【8题详解】

　细节理解题。根据第一段中“For more than a decade, several Conservative prime ministers have declared obesity a national emergency and promised to take thorough action, only to produce disappointing plans that fall far shy of what is required.(十多年来，几位保守党首相已宣布肥胖问题为国家紧急情况，并承诺采取彻底行动，结果却出台了令人失望的计划，远远达不到所需的目标)”可知，在过去十年里，保守党首相们制定了不令人满意的计划来减少肥胖问题。故选D。

　【9题详解】

　词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“Obesity, as well as its associated conditions of diabetes and high blood pressure, is strongly associated with a higher risk of death from Covid-19 and will have undoubtedly been a factor in the UK having the highest Covid death rate in Europe.(肥胖以及与之相关的糖尿病和高血压与Covid-19死亡风险较高密切相关，而且毫无疑问将在英国成为欧洲Covid-19死亡率最高的一个因素)”以及“the awful consequences of the UK's obesity”可知，作者认为不应该用Covid-19这样的疾病来让人们充分意识到肥胖的可怕后果，故画线词意思为“使人们充分意识到”。故选B。

　【10题详解】

　推理判断题。根据第三段中“The government is expected to set out a new strategy this week, aimed at reducing obesity levels both in the next few months—ahead of a possible second wave of infections—and the longer term.( 政府预计将于本周制定一项新战略，旨在在未来几个月——可能出现第二波感染之前以及更长期内降低肥胖水平)”可推知，英国政府下一步可能会发布一项减少肥胖的新政策。故选A。

　【11题详解】

　主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Britain is the sixth fattest country within the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).(在经济合作与发展组织中，英国是第六大肥胖国家)”结合文章主要说明了英国如今的肥胖问题已经成为了英国急需处理的问题，文章介绍了英国政府对这一问题所采取的一些措施和取得的成效。可知，A选项“肥胖——英国的一个紧迫问题”最符合文章标题，故选A。

　D

　Robots are getting better at doing human jobs. That's probably good for the economy—but there are some serious downsides, too.

　Machines are expected to displace about 20 million manufacturing jobs across the world over the next decade, according to a report released by Oxford Economics, a global forecasting and quantitative analysis firm.

　That means about 8.5% of the global manufacturing workforce could be displaced by robots. The report also notes that the move to robots tends to create new jobs as fast as it automates them; however, it could contribute to income inequality. The use of robots is on the rise: at this point, every new robot that is installed (安装) displaces 1.6 manufacturing workers on average, according to the Oxford Economic model.

　Robots are becoming cheaper than many human workers, in part because of the falling costs of machines. And they are increasingly capable of functioning in more complex processes and varied contexts. On top of that, the demand for manufactured goods is rising.

　One potential downsize to the robot revolution: automation could increase income inequality. "This great displacement will not be evenly distributed around the world, or within countries," according to the report. "Our research shows that the negative effects of robotization are disproportionately (不成比例地) felt in the lower-income regions compared with higher-income regions of the same country."

　The workers who drive knowledge and innovation within the manufacturing industry tend to be concentrated in larger cities, and those skills are harder to automate. That's why urban areas will deal better with the increased automation, according to the report.

　On the whole, the increased use of automation will likely create new jobs at a pace comparable to the jobs that will be lost, which cancels out fears about permanent job destruction, according to the Oxford study. That said, the poorer regions that are expected to lose the most jobs will probably not benefit equally from this new job creation due to a gap in skills. That will lead to increased income inequality between cities and rural areas, as well as between regions.

　12. What "downside" does the author mainly discuss?

　A. People will not be able to find jobs in the future.

　B. Robots will finally take the place of people.

　C. Displacement by robots will increase income inequality.

　D. Robots are becoming cheaper than many human workers.

　13. What do the workers need to do to compete with robots in the future?

　A. To make robots help them with the harder work.

　B. To improve their innovative ability and knowledge.

　C. To move to larger cities or more developed countries.

　D. To make their skills faster and easier to be automated.

　14. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

　A. The increased use of automation will create more jobs.

　B. People needn't worry about permanent job destruction.

　C The poorer countries will not benefit from automation.

　D. The income gap between cities and rural regions will widen.

　15. What can we conclude from the passage?

　A. Robots should be banned in the future because of the disadvantages.

　B. Robots can do more and better than humans in complicated processes.

　C. The increasing need for manufactured goods partly contributes to robotization.

　D. The negative effects of robotization will be evenly distributed around the world.

　【答案】12. C 13. B 14. D 15. C

　【解析】

　这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了机器人越来越擅长做人类的工作。这可能对经济有好处，但也有一些严重的负面影响。

　【12题详解】

　细节理解题。根据文章第五段“One potential downsize to the robot revolution: automation could increase income inequality.”（机器人革命的一个潜在缩减:自动化可能会加剧收入不平等。）可知，机器人的替代将加剧收入不平等。故选C。

　【13题详解】

　细节理解题。根据文章第六段“The workers who drive knowledge and innovation within the manufacturing industry tend to be concentrated in larger cities, and those skills are harder to automate. That's why urban areas will deal better with the increased automation, according to the report.”（在制造业中推动知识和创新的工人往往集中在较大的城市，而这些技能更难实现自动化。报告称，这就是为什么城市地区将更好地应对自动化程度提高的原因。）可知，工人需要提高他们的创新能力和知识，以在未来与机器人竞争。故选B。

　【14题详解】

　主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“That will lead to increased income inequality between cities and rural areas, as well as between regions.”（这将导致城市和农村以及地区之间的收入不平等加剧。）可知，最后一段主要讲述了城乡收入差距进一步扩大。故选D。

　【15题详解】

　推理判断题。根据文章第四段“On top of that, the demand for manufactured goods is rising.”（除此之外，对制成品的需求也在上升。）可推知，对制成品日益增长的需求在一定程度上推动了机器人化。故选C。

　第二节（共5小题）

　阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　Life can be challenging for teens. They must deal with schoolwork, family life and friends at the same time to fit. Feeling of sadness, frustration and irritability are common. _____16_____ Their negative feelings don't come and go. Instead, those intense feelings can point to a disease called depression—one that may require treatment.

　It's easy to think that depressed people simply feel sad or hopeless. For many teens that may be true. _____17_____ Some kids withdraw from friends and family. Others respond with angry outbursts. Some teens may skip school or stop eating or sleeping. Teachers, parents or even a teen's close friends may find it hard to tell whether these behaviors are just part of being a teens or signs of something truly serious.

　Even depressed teens may not realize they have this problem. _____18_____ More than three million Americans between the ages of 12 and 17 experienced depression in 2019. However, a study by researchers at Harvard and Yale universities found that half of all teens with depression don't get help until they become adults. And only one in three will have been diagnosed by their doctor.

　_____19_____ "I can only work with what you give me," Dee says, the mental-health professional in Lincoln, Neb.

　Dee says, peers should also seek for signs of depression. Keep an eye on your friends, she recommends. Watch for symptoms of isolation (孤立) or hopelessness. _____20_____ Any of these behaviors could be a symptom of depression.

　Overall, knowing who—and how—to help is essential for successfully treating depression in teens.

　A. And the share of those affected is high.

　B. Some may start abusing alcohol or drugs.

　C. Teens should be honest with their answers.

　D. The problem is that depression in teens can be hard to spot.

　E. There is a link between mental illness and suicide in teens.

　F. But for some teens, those emotions take a more extreme turn.

　G. Even skipping classes can be a sign that something serious is going on.

　【答案】16. F 17. D 18. A 19. C