大学英语四级已成为大学英语教学的重要任务之一。而当前的各类英语等级考试中，特别是大学英语四级考试中，阅读理解部分的比例为35%，时间为40分钟，当然分值也占大学英语四级总分值的35%。由此可见阅读在各类英语考试中的重要性，阅读也成为专业人士研究的热点。关于如何提高学生英语阅读水平，国内外专家的研究层出不穷。本人通过吸取专家们的意见，在长期的英语教学实践中分析了大量大学英语四级真题，自2007 年以来，大学英语四级阅读题型开始多变，由之前的单一的传统阅读增添了快速阅读以及篇章词汇理解题两种题型。这两类题型相对传统阅读来说更加灵活，对学生的要求也更高。而要应对此种变化，更要懂得如何提高学生的英语阅读水平，而提高阅读水平不是死记硬背能解决得了问题的，关键在于如何让学生巧妙的吸收并实践大学英语四级的阅读技巧。本文本着提高学生阅读水平的目的，将概述如何循序渐进的提高大学英语四级阅读水平的技巧。个人认为提高阅读能力是一个循序渐进的过程。按照文章从微观到宏观的构成来分析，学生需要在以下几个方面一次提高：
一、单词记忆法 单词一直是大部分考生最头疼的问题，但是，单词确实是四级考生需要面临的问题，而且是最需要解决的问题。词汇量是基础，只有在词汇量达到一定的水平，大学英语四级的解题技巧才能够派上用场。现在谈谈四种记单词的方法：
1.词根词缀记忆法 此种方法是通过记住词根词缀，并据此推测含此类词根词缀的新词的意思，加以强化记忆。如：前缀dis 表否定，可推出disagreee（不同意）；
disappointment（失望）；
disaster（不幸）等。

2.同组词记忆法 同组词记忆法，根据单个单词，衍生出跟此单词相关联的词。如：embarrass为动词“使..尴尬”，可衍生出名词embarrassment，形容词embarrassing/embarrassed，副词embarrassingly/embarrassedly. 3.近义词，反义词的联想 根据某个单词，衍生出此单词的近义词及反义词。如：elegan（t 优雅的，有品的），可衍生出近义词graceful（优雅的；
优美的），反义词raunchy（邋遢的；
猥亵的）。

4.激情联想法 此方法是根据读音、词形、词义的关系，利用诙谐、荒诞的曲解来记忆词汇。如：morose.此单词读音跟中文“没肉吃”的读音很接近，可以联想为：没肉吃当然是很郁闷了。此单词的意思为“郁闷的”。单词是阅读的根基，只要把根基扎好了，阅读的基础也打下了。

二、句子分析法 根基打好之后，能力提高的中心当然要从单词转向句子了。掌握充足的词汇并不等于看得懂文章。目前的大学英语四级长难句越来越多，而纵观历年真题，长难句似乎已经成为专家们出题的重点以及考点。大家都知道掌握长难句关键在于找出句子主要结构，首先找出主谓宾，其次找出句子的修饰成分，即定状补。但是这个做起来并不容易，要怎么样才能让学生快速准确的找出长难句主要结构并理解句子意思呢？其实只要注重三个要点，长难句就变得简单起来。

1. 拆分，从关系词拆开。2.连接，拆分之后把句子再重新连接起来。3.整合，连接起来之后，进行整合，使言语变得更有逻辑性。如：Engineering students are alwayssupposed to be examples of practicalityand rationality but when it comes to mycollege education, I was an idealist and afool.此句初看上去较为难懂，其实并不难。第一步，我们从关系词but 那里把整个句子拆分，构成两个有对比关系的句子“Engineering students are always supposedto be examples of practicality andrationality”和“when it comes to my collegeeducation, I was an idealist and afool.”前个句子单词繁多，复杂，而后一个句子单词量少，易懂，字面意思为：我是一个理想主义者和蠢蛋。由此可推出前一句的意思：engineering students 不是蠢蛋。第二步，我们把两句进行连接。Engineeringstudents 不是蠢蛋，而我是。第三步，我们进行整合，使整个句子的翻译变得更有逻辑性。可翻译为：“工科学生一般都是实践和理论的典范，而我却是个理想主义者和蠢蛋。” 只要遵循这三个原则，长难句的大致意思，也可以了解了。

三、文章结构及题型最后要说一下整体了，也就是文章的结构。分析文章，了解结构以及中心思想最为重要。纵观历年全真阅读试题，四级阅读文章绝大多数为说明文和议论文，占到了将近90%。针对此类题材的文章，大致可以把四级阅读(Reading inDepth)题型分为四类题型：主旨题，细节推理题，词汇题，态度题。本文将针对这类题材的文章的四类题型，总结出一系列解题技巧。

主旨题，这类题型占到了历年真题的10%以上。通常的提问方式为：1.Whatis the main topic（idea, theme, subject）ofthe passage/the paragraph？ 2.What is themian pupose of the author? 3. What is thebest title of this passage?如何应对此类题型，最直接的方法就是弄清楚文章的主题。而怎么样才能弄清文章的主题呢？下面介绍三点做题技巧：1.主旨句一般都会出现在首段及尾段。2. 如果文章第一段或者第二段出现强转折，那主旨句则可能出现在第二段的首句。3. 文章每段的段落大意，也可视为该段的主题思想，通常每段首句或尾句可视为该段主旨句。因此，在阅读中，我们要特别注意文章的开头及结尾。

细节推理题，这类题型占到了历年真题的70%以上。通常的提问方式为：1.When (Where, Who, Why, What, How).? 2. All of the following are mentionedin the passage except ___? 本文要介绍的此类题型的应对技巧为两个字---定位。应如何定位呢？那就需要在题干中间找关键词了，关键词包含：大写，人名，地名，时间，年代，数字等。做题过程中，可以根据这些关键词来进行定位。一般来说，阅读理解测试中的细节题在文章中都能找到答案。在通读全文，掌握了文章主旨的基础上，根据关键词，回原文找到与题干相关的句子，跟题干进行比较之后，即可确认答案。做题过程中还需注意信号词及过渡词，如转折词，往往对文章的理解起着关键的作用。

词汇题，这类题型占到历年真题的10%左右。通常的提问方式为：1.Whichof the following has the closest meaning to“___”? 2.The author uses the expression“___”to refer to. 这里要介绍八种解题方法。（1）根据定义猜测词义。（2）根据复述猜测词义。（3）根据对比关系猜测词义。（4）根据比较关系猜测词义。（5）根据因果关系猜测词义。（6）根据同义词的替代关系猜测词义。（7）利用构词法知识（前缀和后缀）猜测词义。（8）运用生活经验和普通常识确定词义。另外需要注意的是，学生需要在熟悉各种构词法的基础上，注意平时在阅读中多加运用，形成习惯。与此同时，学生还应在遵循主旨的前提下确定词义。

态度题，此类题型占到历年真题的10%左右。通常的提问方式为：What isthe attitude of the author? 这类题型，只要掌握主旨的情况下，就显得相对来说比较容易了。议论文中，作者的态度会有倾向性，一般来说中立比较少见。而说明文中，作者的态度客观居多。做此类题型时需注意以下词汇：arbitrary (武断的)，doubtful，prejudiced，concerned，critical，supportive，indifferent，sympathetic，enthusiastic，cautious，subjective，optimistic，pessimistic，negative，positive，sarcastic，ironical 等。

当然这四类题型只是大学英语四级阅读做题的一个重要指导思想，除此之外，在掌握这四类题型之后，还需注意的是几个常考点。1. 列举处常考。2. 举例打比喻处常考。3.引用人物论断处常考。4. 转折处与强对比处常考。5. 复杂句常考。6. 因果句常考。7. 特殊标点符号后的内容常考。8.段首、段尾句常考。在有一定的语言基础的情况下，完全掌握这些阅读中的技巧后，答题起来会自然会快速准确的多。

本文主要从简历语言基本功和培养有效阅读方法两个方面介绍了提高大学英语四级阅读理解能力的途径。有了此类的一些技巧，学生备考起来会更加顺利。当然，技巧永远取代不了能力，方法只是更好地引导能力，所以只有按照上面的思路，一步一步扎扎实实提高自己的能力，考生才能真正自如地应对考试，让阅读成为拿分的关键 新东方短语表上部：
1.abide by(=be faithful to ; obey)忠于；
遵守。

2. be absent from…. 缺席，不在 3. absence or mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉 4. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被动语态)be absorbed i n 全神贯注于…近be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on 5. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有 6. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近,进入,了解 7. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外. Without accident(=safely) 安全地, 8. of one’s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地 ,主 动地 9. in accord with 与…一致 . out of one’s accord with 同….不一致 10. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地 11. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根据 12. on one’s own account 1) 为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益 2) (=at one’s own risk) 自行负责 3) (=by oneself)依靠自己 on account 赊账; on account of 因为; on no account不论什么原因也不;of …account 有…..重要性. 13. take…into account(=consider)把...考虑进去 14. give sb. an account of 说明, 解释 (理由) 15. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释, 说明. 16. on account of (=because of) 由于,因为. 17. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句 子要倒装) 18. accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控,控告 19. be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于. 20. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially ) 熟悉 21. act on 奉行,按照…行动; act as 扮演; act for 代理 22. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于 23. adapt…(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改编, 改写(以适应新的需要) 24. in addition (=besides) 此外, 又, 加之 25. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外 26. adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, pe rsist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附; 坚持, 遵循 27. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻的, 临近的 28. adjust..(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应; 29. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) …的可能，留有…的余地. 30. in advance (before in time) 预告, 事先. 31. to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地. 32. have an advantage over 胜过. have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件 have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事 33. take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用. 34. agree with 赞同(某人意见) agree to 同意 35. in agreement (with) 同意, 一致 36. ahead of 在…之前, 超过…;……………. ahead of time 提前. 37. in the air 1)不肯定, 不具体. 2)在谣传中. 38. above all (=especially, most important of all) 尤其是, 最重要的. 39. in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether) 总共, 总计 40. after all 毕竟,到底; (not) at all 一点也不; all at once(=suddenly)突然; once and for all 只此一次; above all 最重要的; first of all 首先; all in all 大体上说; be all in 累极了; all but 几乎. 41. allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考虑到, 估计到 . 42. amount to (=to be equal to) 总计, 等于. 43. answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for) 对…负责. 44. answer to (=conform to) 适合,符合. 45. be anxious about 为…焦急不安; 或anxious for 46. apologize to sb. for sth. 为…向…道歉 47. appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁. appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力 48. apply to sb. for sth. 为…向…申请 ; apply for申请; apply to 适用. 49. apply to 与…有关;适用 50. approve of (=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right) 赞成, approve vt. 批准 51. arise from(=be caused by) 由…引起. 52. arrange for sb.sth. to do sth. 安排…做… 53. arrive on 到达; arrive at 到达某地(小地方);得出,作出; arrive in 到达某地(大地方); 54. be ashamed of (=feel shame, guilt or sorrow because of sth. done) 以… 为羞耻 55. assure sb. of sth. (=try to cause to believe or trust in sth.) 向…保证, 使…确信. 56. attach(to) (=to fix, fasten; join) 缚, 系 ,结 57. make an attempt at doing sth. (to do sth.) 试图做… 58. attend to (=give one’s attention, care and thought)注意,照顾;attend on(upon)(=wait upon, serve, look after) 侍候,照料 59. attitude to toward …对…的态度.看法 60. attribute…to…(=to believe sth. to be the result of…)把..归因于.., 认为..是..的结果 61. on the average (=on average, on an average) 平均 62. (be) aware of (=be conscious of , having knowledge or consciousness)意识到,知道. 63. at the back of (=behind) 在…后面 64. in the back of 在…后部(里面); on the back of 在…后部(外面); be on one’s back(=be ill in bed) 卧病不起. 65. at one’s back(=supporting or favoring sb.) 支持,维护; have sb. at one ’s back 有…支持, 有…作后台 66. turn one’s back on sb. (=turn away from sb. in an impolite way) 不理睬(某人),背弃,抛弃 67. behind one’s back 背着某人(说坏话) 68. be based on upon 基于 69. on the basis of 根据…, 在…基础上 70. beat…at 在…运动项目上打赢 71. begin with 以…开始. to begin with (=first of all) 首先, 第一(经常用于开始语) 72. on behalf of (=as the representative of) 以…名义 73. believe in(=have faith or trust in; consider sth.sb. to be true) 相信,依赖,信仰. 74. benefit (from) 受益,得到好处. 75. for the benefit of 为了…的利益(好处) 76. for the better 好转 77. get the better of (=defeat sb.) 打败, 胜过. 78. by birth 在出生上,论出身,按血统 at birth 在出生时; give birth to 出生 79. blame sb. for sth. 因…责备某人 . blame sth. on sb. 把…推在某人身上 80. in blossom开花(指树木) be in blossom开花(强调状态) come into blossom开花(强调动作) 81. on board 到船上, 在船上, 上火车或飞机 82. boast of (or about) 吹嘘 83. out of breath 喘不过气来 84. in brief(=in as few words as possible)简言之 85. in bulk 成批地,不散装的 86. take the floor 起立发言 87. on business 出差办事. 88. be busy with sth.于某事 。

be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 89. last but one 倒数第二. 90. but for (=without) 要不是. 表示假设 91. buy sth. for…money 用多少钱买 92. be capable of 能够, 有能力 be capable of being +过去分词是能够被…的 93. in any case(=for love or money, at any rate, at any price, at any cost , whatever happens; anyhow)无论如何 94. in case (=for fear that) 万一; 95. in case of (=in the event of)如果发生…万一 in the case of 至于…, 就…而言 96. in no case在任何情况下都不(放句首倒装句) 97. be cautious of 谨防 98. center one’s attention on(=focus one’s attention on) 把某人的注意力集中在…上 99. be certain of (=be sure of) 有把握, 一定. 100. for certain of (=for sure )肯定地,有把握地 101. by chance(=accidentally, by accident)偶然 102. for a change换换环境(花样等) 103. charge sb. with …控告某人犯有… 104. in charge of (=responsible for) 负责(某事) in the charge of …由…管 105. take charge of (=to be or become responsible for)负责管理(照顾) 106. charge…for 因…索取(费用) , charge sb. with sth. 控告某人犯有… 107. round the clock(=all day and all night, usually without stopping) 昼夜不停地 108. comment on 评论 109. commit oneself to 使自己承担… commit sb. to prison把某人送进监狱; commit one’s idea to writing 把某人的想法写下来; commit a matter to a committee 把某事交给委员会讨论 110. in common (和…)有共同之处,共用. be common to sb. 是与某人所共有的 111. keep company with (=be friendly and go out together) 和…要好. 112. compare…with … 把…与…比较 113. compare…to… 把…比作… 114. by comparison 比较起来 115. in comparison with (=in contrast to) 和…比起来 116. compensate for (=give sth. to make up for) 补偿, 赔偿,弥补 compensate sb. for sth. 赔偿,弥补 117. complain of (or about)抱怨;诉苦;控告;complain about 抱怨某人或事情; complain to sb. about sth. (or sb.) 向某人抱怨…; complain (抱怨); complement (补充); compliment (恭维) 118. comply with (=act in accordance with a demand, order, rule etc.) 遵守, 依从 119. conceive of (think of, imagine, consider) 想象,设想 120. concentrate on (or upon) 集中,专心 121. be concerned with (=about) 与…有关 122. concern oneself about with 关心 123. in conclusion(=as the last thing)最后一点; at the conclusion of 当…结束时; 124. condemn sb. to 判决 125. on condition that (=if)以…为条件, 假如. in that = because因为; now that = since既然 for all that = although 尽管 126. in out of condition (=thoroughly healthy or fit not fit) 健康状况好不好 . in good (bad) condition处于良好(坏)状态 127. confess(to)(=admit a fault, crime, or sth. wrong)承认, 供认; confess to a crime 承认罪行. 128. confide in (=to talk freely to sb. about one’s secret) 对…讲真心话, 依赖 129. in confidence 推心置腹地; with confidence 满怀信心地; have confidence in 对…有信心 130. confidence in sb. sth. 对…的信赖 131. be confident of 有信心; confidential 机密的 132. confine…to… 把…限制在某范围内 133. confirm sb. in 使某人更坚定(信念等) 134. conform to (=be in agreement with, comply with) 符合,遵照,遵守;1)obey 服从; 2) observe; 3)comply with照…办; 4)keep to遵循; 5)abide by服从;6)stick to按..做 135. be confronted with(=be brought face to face with) 面对, 面临 136. congratulate sb. on 祝贺 137. in connection with(=with regard to)关于, 138. be conscious of(=be aware of)觉察,知道 139. consent to(=give agreement to permission)同意 140. in consequence (=as a result) 结果 141. in consequence of (=as a consequence of)由于…的结果 1. 142. under consideration 在考虑中 143. in consideration of (=in return for, on account of, because of )由于 144. on no consideration(in no case)无论如何也不 145.take…into consideration (=take account of, take…into account)考虑到, 把 …考虑进去 146. considerate (=thoughtful of the needs) 体贴的, 考虑他人需要的, considerable相当大的,值得考虑的 147. consist of(=be composed of)由…组成的. consist in主要在于. consist with符合,与…一致 148. be consistent with(=be in agreement with)与…一致. be consistent in一贯的 , 149. consult sb. on about sth. 向…征求…方面的意见, 就…向…请教 150. to one’s heart’s content尽情地,痛痛快快 151. be content with(=be satisfied with) 满足于be content to do sth. 愿意做某事 152. contrary to (=in opposition to) 与…相反 153. on the contrary 相反 154. contrast…with 把…与…相对(对照) 155. in contrast towith 和…形成对比 by contrast 对比之下 156. contribute to 有助于 157. under control (被)控制住 out of control无法控制 158. at one’s convenience(=where and when it suits one) 在方便的时间或地点 .be convenient to for 对…方便 159. convince sb. of (=cause sb. to believe or feel certain; to persuade sb.) 使某人确信,try to persuade sb. to do sth.劝说某人做… 160. cope with(=deal with, try to find a solution to)应付, 处理 161. in the corner(of)在角落里;on(at) the comer of a street在街道拐弯处;round the comer拐过弯; be in a tight corner陷入困境 162. correspond (with) ( =exchange letters regularly) 通信 163. correspond to 相当于 . correspond with 符合,一致 164. at all costs不惜任何代价 . at the cost of 以…为代价 165. a matter of course 理所当然的事 166. as a matter of course 当然地, 自然地 167. in (during) the course 在…过程中 168. in due course (=without too much delay) 没经过太久, 到一定时候 169. on credit赊购; with credit以优异成绩; to one’s credit使某人感到光荣; do sb. credit 使…感到光荣 170．be critical of 爱挑毛病的，批评的 171. cure sb. of+某种疾病 治好某人的疾病 172．a danger to对…的危险; be in danger(of)处于…危险中; be out of danger脱离危险 173. to date(=so far, until now) 到目前为止 174. out of date过时的；
up to date新式的,时兴的; date back to可追溯到; date from从某时期开始(有) 175. deal with (=concern) 论及 176. be in debt to sb. 欠…的债 177. on the decline 在衰退中, 在减少中 in decline 下降; on the increase 在增加 178. to one’s delight 令某人感到高兴 to one’s regret 遗憾; sorrow悲痛; relief 安心; distress 苦恼; shame羞愧; surprise 惊奇; astonishment 惊奇; 179. delight in(=take great pleasure in doing sth.)喜欢, 取乐 180. take (a) delight in 喜欢干…, 以…为乐 181. demand sth. of sb. 向某人要求(非物质的)东西. demand sth. from sb. 向某人要求(物质的)东西 182.in demand有需求;on demand受到要求时 183. be dependent on 依靠 184. deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺某人某物 185. derive…from(=obtain…from)从…取得,由…来的.derive from(=come from)起源于 186. despair of (=lose all hope of) 绝望 187. in despair 绝望 188. despite (=in spite of) 不管, 尽管 189. in detail 详细地 190. deviate from 偏离, 不按…办 191. on a diet 吃某种特殊饮食, 节食 192. differ from…in 与…的区别在于… 193. in difficulties…有困难,处境困难, 194. discharge sb. (from)…for (=dismiss sb. from a job for) 因…解雇, 开除 195. fall back (=retreat, turn back) 撤退; in disorder 慌乱地, 狼狈不堪 196. on display(=being shown publicly)陈列 197. dispose of (=get rid of ,throw away)处理掉 198. beyond dispute不容争议的,无可争议 199. in dispute 在争议中 200. in the distance 在远处. make out 辩认出 201. (be) distinct from ( = be different from) 与…截然不同 202. distinguish between (=make or recognize differences) 辨别 203. distinguish…from 把…与…区别开 204. do away with(=get rid of; abolish; discard eliminate) 除去,废除,取消; do away with (=kill) 杀掉, 镇压 205. have…to do with 与…有关系 206. without doubt (=undoubtedly)无可置疑地 207. in doubt(=in a condition of uncertainty)对…表示疑惑 208. be due to 是由于 209. come off duty 下班 210. go on duty 上班 211. be on duty 值班, 值日, 在上班时 212. be in duty bound to (do) (=be required by one’s job or esp. by conscience) 有义务(做) 213. be eager for 想得到, 盼望 214. by ear (=play music from memory without having seen it printed) 凭记忆,不看乐谱 215. have an ear for (=have keen recognition of sounds esp. in music and language)对..有鉴赏力 216. a word in one’s ear 私房话, 秘密话 217. on earth 究竟, 到底, 全然 218. with ease ( = easily) 容易, 不费力 219. at (one’s) ease ( = without worry or nervousness) 自在,不拘束 220. put sb. at his her ease (=free sb. from worry or nervousness)使某人感到无拘束 221. economize on (=save sth. instead of being wasteful) 节省 222. have an effect on 对…有影响 223. be in effect (=be in operation) 有效 224. go into effect 生效. ( 近 come into effect; take effect; be brought into effect) 225. in effect (=in fact, really) 实际上 226. give effect to (=carry out) 实行,使…生效 227. to no effect 不起作用,没有取得任何效果 228. (be) of no effect (=useless) 无效 229. to the effect that 大意是…,主要内容是… 230. to that effect 是那个意思的… 231. emerge from ( =appear, become known ) 出现, 暴露(问题. 意见等) 232. place(or put, lay) an emphasis on 强调, 把重点放在…上 233. encourage sb. in 鼓励; encourage sb. in hisher work 鼓励某人工作; encourage sb. in hisher idleness 怂恿某人游手好闲 234. encourage sb. in …with sth. 用…鼓励某人做某事 235. on end (=continuously) 连续地 236. (be) at an end (=finished) 结束了 237. no end of (=very manymuch) 很多,大量 238. in the end (=finally, eventually) 最终 239. at one’s wit’s end (=not knowing what to do or to say) 无法可想, 智穷计尽 240. end up with 以…而结束 241. come to and end (=finish) 结束 242. end in 以…为结束 243. engage in 或 be engaged in 忙于,从事 244. enter for (=put the name on a list for) 报名参加 245. enter into (=begin) 开始(谈话, 谈判等) 246. enter on upon (=begin) 开始 (一个时代. 一种生涯. 一段任期等) 247. be entitled to (=be given the right to do sth.)有权…,有资格… 248. be equal to 等于 249. be feel equal to (=have enough strength, ability etc.) (某人)能胜任,能应付 on equal terms(=on and equal footing)平等地 250. be equipped with 装备有,装有 251. (be) equivalent to(=equal in value, amount, meaning) 相等于, 相当于 252. in essence (=in itsone’s nature) 本质上 253. at all events (=in spite of everything, in any case) 不论怎样, 无论如何 254. in any event (=whatever happens in the future) 无论如何, 不管(将来)怎么样 255. in the event that(=if) 假如, 如果. in the event 结果, 实际情况是(常与but 连用) 256. in the event of(=in case of)万一,即使发生..时 257. except 除…以外; besides 除…以外还有.. 258. except (=but) 除了。

259. except for (=apart from) 除…以外 260. (an) exception to …的例外 261. with the exception of (=except, apart from) 除去…., 除…以外 262. in excess of (=more than) 超过 263. exchange…for 以…交换 264. exclusive of (=not taking into account; without) 不包括 265. in excuse of 作为…的借口 266. exert…on… 对…施加… 267. exert oneself to do sth. 努力,使劲 268. come into existence (=begin to exist)开始存在; come into use开始使用; come into effect开始运转; come into fashion开始时新; come into action开始行动; come into power开始执政; come into sight进入视野;come into blossom开花; 269. (be) in existence存在 come into existence 出现 270. expect…of 在…期望… 271. at the expense of在损害…情况下,以…为牺牲 272. expose…to…使暴露于…, 使…受(危险,风险) 273. be exposed to… 面临…, 受到…. 274. beyond expression (=in a manner that cannot be expressed) 无法形容, 说不出的 275. give expression to 表达, 表现 find expression in 表现 276. to …extent 在…程度上 277. in the extreme (= extremely) 极其 278. look sb. in the eye 正视, 打量(某人) 279. close (shut) one’s eyes to不理会,视而不见 280. in one’s mind’s eye 在心目中, 在想象中 281. in the twinkling of an eye 一眨眼,转眼间 282. keep an eye on(=keep a watch on)照看,监视 283. in the eyes of in one’s eyes ( = in the judgment of ) 在某人看来, 在某人眼里 284. on the face of it (=judging by what one can see) 表面看来 285. in the face of 面对着(困难等情况) 286. in one’s face当着某人的面; face to faced面对面; face up to 大胆面向 287. fail in (=be unsuccessful in) 失败 288. in good faith(=honestly, sincerely) 真诚地 289. keep faith with 对…守信用 290. lose faith in 对…失去信心 291. on faith 毫无怀疑地, 依赖地 292. faithful to (=loyal to) 对…忠诚 293. fall into the habit (of) 养成…习惯 294. fall short of (=fail to reach a desired result, standard, etc.) 没达到, 低于 295. familiar with 熟悉,了解 296. have a fancy for ( =like sth. without the help of reason) (没有道理地)喜欢, 想要 297. take a fancy to (=become fond of) 喜欢 298. by far 远, 非常 (与比较级或最高级连用) 299. far from 远远不是 300. far from 非但不…(而且) 301. in fashion(=stylish, most modern)时兴,流行 302. after the fashion (of) 依照… 303. find fault with(=complain about; criticize)找毛病，对…吹毛求疵 304. at fault (=in the wrong, blamable)有错 305. in favour of 赞成 306. be in favour with 受宠, 受偏爱; out of favour with 失宠, 不受宠 307. in one’s favour(=to one’s advantage)对.有利 308. (be) favourable to(=advantageous)有利的 309. fear for (=be afraid for the safety of sb. or sth.) 为…担心 310. for fear of (=in case of; because of anxiety about) 以防, 由于怕 311. in fear of (=afraid for the safety of) 担心 312. feed (sb.) on sth. 靠吃…, 用…喂养 313. be fed up with(=be unhappy, tired about sth. dull) 厌烦, 腻了 314. feel like (=have a desire for) 想要 315. fill in 填写 316. fill out ( =fill in )填写 317. set the world on fire=set the flames on fire(=do sth. remarkable)有突出成就 318. play with fire (=take great risks)干冒险事 319. set sth. on fire(=set fire to sth.)使..着火,放火 320. at first sight(=when first seen)乍一看,一见 321. for the first time 第一次 (作状语) 322. in the first place 首先, 第一 323. fit into 刚好放入 324. fit in with ( = suit , fall into agreement) 合适, 相配, 一致 325. (be) fit for (=right and suitable for) 适合 326. focus on (=concentrate on) 集中在…上 focus sth. on 把…集中在…上 327. be fond of 喜欢 328. (be) in force 有效 , 实施 329. go into force 开始生效 330. by force 靠武力, 强行 331. force…on 把…强加给… 332. in the form of 以…形式 333. be fortunate in 幸运,有好运气 334. free of charge 免费 335. be freed from 免受, 没有… 336. in front of 在…前面 in the front of 在…前部 337. furnish…with (=supply) 向…提供 338. in general (=in most cases, usually)通常 339. catch (or get) a glimpse of 瞥见(强调结果) take a glance(or look) at看一 眼(强调动作) 340. be good for 对…有好处;对…有作用 be good at 擅长于; be good to 对…好 341. in good time(=early)早早地(做完.到达等) 342. for good (=for ever) 永远地, 长期地 343. take…for granted (=assume to be true) 把…认为理所当然的. 344. be grateful to sb. for sth 因…感谢某人 345. on the ground(s) fo (=because of) 由于… 346. fall to the ground (计划.希望等)失败,落空 347. on one’s guard(against) 谨防, 警惕 (be) on guard 站岗 348. guard against (=defend, keep safe)警惕,防止 guard…against 警卫…防止 349. guess at 猜, 估计 350. by guess 靠猜 351. be guilty of 犯有…罪或过失 352. be in the habit of 习惯于 353. break off (a habit) 改掉(某种习惯) 354. break sb. of (a habit)使某人改掉(某习惯) 355. get (fall) into the habit of养成了…的习惯 356. come to a halt (=stop) 停止; 停住 357. at hand 在手边, 眼前(附近) 358. by hand 用手工(做) 359. hand in glove(with) 狼狈为奸, 密切合作 360. in hand 1)在手边 2)(=under control)控制住