写的技能在外语教学中有重要意义，是外语教学所要达到的目的之一，同时又是重要的教学手段。随着新教材的推广使用以及高考命题的改革，书面表达已在试题中占有相当比重。写作是英语知识学习的需要，更是交际的需要。

目前，中学外语写作基本处于correct writing(正确写作)阶段。严格地讲，correct writing还不属于real writing(真实写作)。真实写作必须是effective writing(有效写作)。它要求作者利用各种修辞、造句和谋篇手段有效地表达见闻，情感和思想。而correct writing只需使用正确的语言表达限定的写作内容，如看图作文、提示作文或补充原文等。这种写作不需要作者构思及组织文章，只要文章的单词拼写无误、语法正确、语言通顺、表面内容完整，基本上就可以达到要求。

Correct writing的目的是学习使用书面语言，它为下一步effective writing奠定了坚实的基础，是迈向真实写作的重要一步。鉴于外语教学的发展趋势，correct writing将不能满足中学外语教学的需要，篇章写作将会成为一个新的、更重要的目标。中学生英语写的能力总的发展训练过程应依次为：字母书写训练、单词拼写训练、句子结构训练、写段与作文训练。相应的具体练习方法由controlled writing到guided writing及free writing。

1.controlled writing

教师在这一阶段设计的练习不宜过难。通常以combining和substitution的形式出现。例如：

Task1:Rewrite the sede scription susing"and","as well as"and"with"

a.He has grey hair.He has long beard.

b.She is as limblond woman.She has blue eyes.

c.She has an round face.She has wavy hair.She has pown eyes.She has a healthy body.

Task2:Reordering words:Write the sentences correctly.

We/sixo"clock/and/tea/drink/getup/at

Sometimes/medicines/injection/them/we/or/give

教师可以告诉学生上面的句子描述了一个护士每天早上起床后要做的事情，做完练习后根据自己的实际情况写几个句子。

Task3:教师可根据课文内容设计写作练习。例如学习了Albert Einstein一文后，可以让学生把有关爱因斯坦的生平列出如下,然后教师让学生用relative clauses连句成段.

a..Einstein was a great physicist.b.He was born in Germany in 1879

c.He develope danimport anttheory.d.It is called the theory of relativity.

e.He went to live in the USA in 1935 to escape the Nazis.f.He continued his work in the USA.

g.The Nazis took power in Germany.h.He died there in 1955..A.

2.guided writing

guided writing起到了controlled writing与free writing的桥梁作用。因此，它通常出现在prewriting与controlled writing之后。在guided writingactivities中，我们可以给学生一个model作为参考，也可以给一个outline让学生补充，还可以给一个partly--writtenversion.。在让学生明确了如何将其完成以后，将这个语篇完成。在这个阶段，学生的自由度比在controlledactivities中有所增大，为下一步进入free writing作好准备。

Task1:教师引导学生分组讨论把ApahamLincoln课文分成几大部分,分析出每部分的中心思想：

Part1:his childhood,family background and education

Part2:His career

Part3:His major achievements as a president

Part4:Reason for fame

教师可由此帮助学生总结出人物传记的内容一般包括出生时间、地点、家庭背景、受教育情况、本人性格、主要经历、成名原因等，并让学生以此为范文，写他们熟悉的为人。

教师也可以用下面outline帮助学生整理思路

Task2:

Name:__________________

Born:(where)__________________________(when)__________________________

Background:_________________________________________________

Family life:_________________________________________________

Whatdidshe/hedo?_________________________________________

Died:(where)_______________________________(when)______________________

Whyisshe/hefamous?______________________________________________

Task3:

JopleyisasmalltowninthenotheofEngland.ItisontheRiverOuse,notfarfromLeeds.Thetownhasawidemainstreet,withastonechurch,thetownhallandacinema.Thereisalargesupermarketinthetowncenter,andmanysmallershopsandcafe"s.MostpeopleinJopleyworkinthelocalfactory,whichproducesfarmmachinery..

(1)Writeasimilarparagraphaboutyourhometown.Usethesenotes:

smallvillage----southcoast/Narrowstreet----two shops----play ground

Most people-----Farmers/Growvegetables,wheat,flowers

Task4:Imagine you are on holiday.Answer the questions below in note form.

Where are you?______________________________________

How long have you been on holiday?____________________________________

Who are you with?_____________________________________

Are you having a goodt ime?______________________________________

What is the weathe rlike?_____________________________________

Which sights have you visited?______________________________________

Have you done any activities/sports?______________________________________

When are you going backhome?_______________________________________

接下来老师可以布置这样一个练习：Use the not es you have made and write a letter to a friend or family describing your holiday.这样练习给了学生更大的自由度。