怎样写好句子

写作的一个重要标准就是要考查学生"是否会用英语清楚而贴切地表达思想"。而句子是表达一个完整独立思想的最小的语言单位。因此,合理的句子结构对表达思想至关重要,其好坏与否直接关系到一篇文章的成败。

写好句子的基本要素:

1.简洁性(Conciseness)

举世闻名的英国剧作家。诗人莎士比亚(William Shakespeare)有句名言:"言以简洁为贵"(Brevity is the soul of wit.)。所谓简洁,就是语言凝练概括,高度浓缩,简明扼要。用较少的语言表达尽可能丰富的内容,无冗长之弊,无拖沓之嫌,做到文约而事丰,言简而意赅,它充分体现了英语语言自身发展的要求。古今中外,作家们大都惜墨如金。中国著名作家鲁迅曾说过:"竭力将可有可无的字。句。段删去,毫不可惜"。美国作家海明威(Ernest Hemingway)的语言风格在西方文学中更是独树一帜。他的文笔含蓄简练,清新流畅,以善用小词。短句著称,人称"电报式"风格。

他曾经告诫自己儿子说:"Never use more words than you have to—it detracts from the flow of actions."然而,有些学生在写作中却忽略了这一点。把本来可以很简洁的句子变成了冗长的词语堆砌,结果往往是佶屈聱牙,冗长费解。要写出语言优美。短小精悍的文章,就必须作到句子精短,用词简洁,使每个词在句中起到应有的作用。具体来说,在不影响准确。清晰表达的前提下,句子能简化的部分尽量简化,能省略的尽量省略,用精炼的语言表达丰富的思想,使人们要表达的深层语义明白流畅,一目了然,达到简明扼要。清澈晶莹的效果。

1)尽可能把从句变成单句或短语 ,把短语变成单词If you compare the two methods carefully,you will find the difference.

这个句子本来用一个简单句就足以表达清楚,却用了一个含条件状语从句的复合句,反而显得冗长累赘。下面这句就精炼多了:

Careful comparison of the two methods will show you the difference.

When I pushed the door open, I saw a group of young people.

此句可用现在分词短语代替时间状语从句,使文字更简短紧凑。干净利落:Pushing the door open,I saw a group of young people.

During the past forty years,the population of China has been rising at a rapid rate.

句中介词短语at a rapid rate根据其在句中的语法功能,完全可由单个副词rapidly取代,使句子文字简练。

2)避免不必要的重复,包括语义重复和用词重复。

She is attractive in appearance ,but she is rather a foolish person.

前半句属于语义重复。用了attractive(迷人的;有吸引力的),无须再用in appearance ;后半句属于用词重复,全句宜改为:

She is attractive, but rather foolish.

改写后行文依然能表达完整意义,给人"含英咀华"之感。

The workers and technicians in this factory have made a lot of new innovations.innovations(something newly introduced)已含有new 之义。汉语口语中有"新发明"这一说法。母语的负迁移(negative transfer)影响容易使人对等翻译英文,给人以叠床架屋之感。

I will go to the movies together with my brother.

"与某人一起"用"with sb."就可以,而"together with (as well as; in addition to)则意为"和。加之或连同"。例如:These new facts, together with the evidence you have already heard, prove the

prisoner"s innocence.(这些新的事实,连同你已听到的证据,证明此在押被告是无辜的。)The final result of the match is 2:1 to our team.

句中final result搬用了汉语的说法,而没有注意到result 本身意为"结果","结局",用了final无异于画蛇添足。

以上经过化简的句子,既保持了信息量大的优点,又避免了臃肿,达到以少胜多的效果。要避免句子的类似问题,一方面要了解英汉两种语言在语法,句型,词义等方面的异同,另一方面要用英语的思维和表达方式取代汉语,排除母语的负迁移干扰。

3)改写不必要的冗长句子结构和被动语态,对原句的结构做一些必要的调整。It is necessary for students to fill out both registration forms.

Students must fill out both registration forms.

British was defeated by the United States in the war of 1812.

British lost the war of 1812 to the United States.

My short stay in the country gave me the greatest happiness that I have had

period of my life.

My short stay in the country gave me the greatest happiness in my life.

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