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同位语从句和定语从句区别有哪些3篇(精选文档)

2023-01-29 17:35:07

同位语从句和定语从句的区别有哪些1  在教学中,同位语从句和定语从句是个难点。为了帮助老师和同学们解决这个难点,现就同位语从句和定语从句的区别谈谈自己的一点看法。同位语从句和定语从句都放在被修饰词的下面是小编为大家整理的同位语从句和定语从句区别有哪些3篇(精选文档),供大家参考。

同位语从句和定语从句区别有哪些3篇(精选文档)

同位语从句和定语从句的区别有哪些1

  在教学中,同位语从句和定语从句是个难点。为了帮助老师和同学们解决这个难点,现就同位语从句和定语从句的区别谈谈自己的一点看法。同位语从句和定语从句都放在被修饰词的后边,从形式上来看,它们十分相似。从以下几个方面来谈它们的区别。

  1、从句所修饰词的不同。同位语从句所修饰词通常是少数一些表示抽象意义的名词,如belief , doubt , fact , hope , idea , news , possibility , thought , order , suggestion , wish , answer , information , conclusion , decision , discovery , knowledge , law , opinion , problem , promise , proof , question , report , truth , risk 等。定语从句的先行词可以指人、物等。例如:

  He has told us a fact that drinking too much does harm to our health.他又告诉我们一个事实,过渡饮酒对健康有害。(同位语从句)

  We have no idea that her mother was a professor ten years ago. . 我们不知道她的母亲十年前是个教授。(同位语从句)

  This is the book that I bought yesterday. 这是我昨天买的那本书。(定语从句)

  I will never forget the day when I joined the Party. 我将永远不会忘记我入党的那一天。(定语从句)

  2. 连接词的作用不同。连接同位语从句的that只起连接作用,不在从句中担任任何句子成分。whether 和 how 可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。关系代词和关系副词除了连接从句的作用外,还在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分,如主语、宾语、定语、表语等。引导定语从句的连接词是关系词,常见的关系代词和关系副词有that , which , who , whose , whom , when , where , why , as,than, but 等。

  The news that he wants to get is whether he will be sent to the countryside.他所想得到的消息是他是否将被派往农村。(定语从句,关系代词that作从句get的宾语。)

  Do you have a doubt whether she will be dismissed from school? 你怀疑她是否能被学校开除吗?(同位语从句)

  I have no idea how his parents were sad on hearing that their son was killed in the earthquake. 我不知道他的父母一听到他在地震中阵亡是多么悲伤!(同位语从句)

  3. 从句作用的不同。定语从句具有形容词或副词的特点,对先行词起修饰、限定作用,描述先行词的性质或特征,与先行词之间是所属关系。同位语从句具有名词的特点,对中心词作进一步补充解释,是中心词的具体内容。例如:

  The man that you saw just now is my bother. 你刚才看到的那个人是我的弟弟。(定语从句)

  The suggestion that the meeting be put off proved right.推迟会议的建议证明是正确得。(同位语从句)

  The suggestion that he had made is that the meeting be put off. 他提出的建议推迟会议。(定语从句)

  4. 正确理解和使用同位语从句,还应注意以下几点:

  A.分隔同位语从句:有时同位语从句与其先行词被其它成分分隔开来,这种分隔主要出于修辞原因,即为了保持句子结构*衡,避免头重脚轻。

  The whole truth came out at last that he was a wolf in sheep‘s clothing . 真相终于大白了,他原来是只披着羊皮的狼。

  An order has come from Beijing that these thieves will be sentenced to death .

  B.在某些名词后的同位语从句中,其谓语动词应用虚拟语气形式:(should) + 动词原形。常见的名词有advice , idea , order , demand , plan , proposal , suggestion , request 等。例如:

  The suggestion that a new bridge (should浅谈同位语从句和定语从句的区别) be built was accepted . 采纳了在这里修建一座新桥的建议。

  C.同位语从句的先行词往往没有复数形式。例如:

  他要来教我们英语的消息昨天我就听说了。

  (正)The message that he would teach us English reached me yesterday .

  (误)The messages that he would teach us English reached me yesterday .

  同位语从句与定语从句的区别

  (1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。

  (2) 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的"性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如:

  1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)

  2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)


同位语从句和定语从句的区别有哪些3篇扩展阅读


同位语从句和定语从句的区别有哪些3篇(扩展1)

——考研英语同位语从句和定语从句有哪些区别 (菁选2篇)

考研英语同位语从句和定语从句有哪些区别1

  两种从句的区别主要在以下三方面:

  ▶从词类上区别

  同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等有一定内涵的名词,而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词,主句的一部分或是整个主句,如: The possibility that the majority of the labor force will work at home is often discussed.人们经常讨论大多数劳动力将会在家里工作的可能性。(同位语从句)

  Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴。(定语从句)

  ▶从性质上区别

  定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴,如: The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息。)

  The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语。)

  ▶从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别

  有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句,如:

  That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。(同位语从句)

  引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般做主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略,that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替,如:

  The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了。(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略。)

  The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略。)

  【真题例句】The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, has been highlighted by mounting evidence that the Red Planet once had abundant stable, liquid water and by the continuing controversy over suggestions that bacterial fossils rode to Earth on a meteorite from Mars.

  【解析】句子可拆分为:The issue of //whether life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, //has been highlighted //by mounting evidence //that the Red Planet once had abundant stable, liquid water and //by the continuing controversy over suggestions //that bacterial fossils rode to Earth on a meteorite from Mars.

  主句为:The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, has been highlighted by… and by…。主句主语的结构为: The issue of whether…and whether…。of 短语修饰the issue, of 短语较长一般译在后面;that the Red Planet…是evidence的同位语从句,(即evidence的具体内容)。that bacterial fossils…是suggestions的同位语从句,说明suggestions的具体内容。)第一个同位语从句可以直接翻译在所修饰词后面。第二个同位语可以放在所修饰的名词前面,充当定语。

  【参考译文】越来越多的证据表明,这个红色行星上曾经有稳定而丰富的液态水,而且人们对从火星落到地球上的细菌化石陨石的说法一直有争论,使火星上是否存在过生命和是否至今仍有生命的问题成为了引人注目的重点。

考研英语同位语从句和定语从句有哪些区别2

  一、复合从句

  在考研中,复合从句中的从句最常见的是定语从句。复合从句可分为简单复合从句和复杂复合从句。本文将分词作状语和定语也归入从句范畴,当作一种更为灵活的从句形式。这种语法处理,并不是从语言学研究角度进行的,而是从教学角度出发做出的从简处理。

  (一)简单复合从句

  简单复合从句可以分为套用从句和并列从句两种。套用从句,其实是最简单的长难句。这类句子就像一根锁链,只要抓住句子的各个连接点,理出句子层次,就完全可以把握住。

  在翻译定语从句时,“这(些/个)”常用来作为拆分句子的必用手段。阅读时,定语从句一般可以跳过,实在不放心可以略读。一般情况下,考研基本上不会在这种从句中有出题点。

  并列从句大致有四种情况:并列从句修饰主语、谓语和宾语。也就是说并列从句一般作定语或状语。其实,并列从句和并列短语在语*能上完全相同,只不过并列从句一般较长,会使考生在阅读中渐忘句子结构。

  并列从句修饰主语,就是说并列从句作状语。这种句子很简单。翻译时,可以直译,把从句作定语,直接放在主语前面。如果从句很长,可以使用复指代词。另外,翻译从句先行词时,要注意词性的转换,比如hope/suggest之类的词有名动两种译法。考生要切忌拘于词性。

  并列从句修饰谓语就是说这些从句作状语。一般情况下,这些从句都不完整,多为现在分词短语和过去分词短语。事实上,现在分词短语和过去分词短语作状语或者定语,都可以看作是从句的一种更加灵活的表达方式。

  并列从句修饰宾语。宾语有两种,一种是单纯宾语,另一种是介宾结构中的准宾语。单纯宾语指在句中作宾语成分;准宾语指在介词后面的宾语。

  并列从句修饰单纯宾语的句子结构很清晰,阅读难度不大,但翻译有些难度。并列从句修饰准宾语的就比较难了。因为后面有很长的介词短语会使考生在阅读中忘记句子前面的意思。

  (二)复杂复合从句

  复杂复合从句,就是说这些句子不是单纯的复合从句。复杂复合从句主要是因为句子中出现省略,插入和倒装等形式,从而加大了句子的难度。这也是考研英语为了加大难度常用的方式。在复杂复合从句中出现的省略一般主要是语法省略,语用省略一般很少。出现插入语,其实是指这些词或短语的插入,使句子语法成分的联系打断,句子的整体性受到冲击,从而影响了句子的理解。复杂复合从句中出现的插入语一般都是分词形式或者介宾结构。翻译时,一般多可以翻为状语,有时也可以翻为定语。出现倒装时,越短的句子越难。因为可以参考的信息很少。这种句子可以先把从句和先行词用一个代词替换,然后进行语序恢复。

  背诵例句:

  1、Many experts suggest that the child raisedin an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his capacity forappropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.

  译文:许多专家认为:如果一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境里长大,而这些刺激物能够开发其相应的反映能力,那么这个儿童将会有得到更好的智力发展。

  2、How well the prediction will be validatedby later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and approlpriatenessof the information and on the skill with which it is interpreted.

  译文:这些预测在多大程度上会被后来的表现所证实,这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性以及解释这些信息的技能。

  3、Immediately the army opened fire, killingfour men and injuring the fifth who later died of his wounds.

  译文:部队突然开了火,打死四人,还有一人受伤。后来此人也因伤势过重死去。

  4、The king, whose power is unlimited, andwhose treasures surmount all real and imaginary wants, is compelled to ease, bythe construction of the Great Wall, the satiety of dominion and tastelessnessof a pyramid ,the satiety of dominion and tastelessness of pleasure.

  译文:那个权力无上、财富无竭的国王,只有通过修筑长城来减轻自己对权力的厌倦和对欢乐的麻木。

  5、Our hope for creative living in this worldhouse that we have inherited lies in our ability to re-establish the moral endsof our lives.

  译文:我们希望富有创造性地生活在我们继承的这个世界中,这种希望存在于我们重新建立道德标准的能力之中。

  6、To us, a winner is one who respondsauthentically by being trustworthy, responsive,andgenuine,both as an individual and as a member of a society.

  译文:在我们看来,成功者不管作为个人还是社会的一份子,他的真实表现都是可靠、灵敏、和真诚。

  二、成分省略

  语言有个节省性原则。成分省略,主要是为了避免重复。一般的成分省略多为主语省略和谓语省略。这种省略属于语法省略。但考研中一般是语用省略,也就是说是为了某中具体的表达目的而采取的省略。成分省略一般和从句相结合,一正一反,使句子变得富有变化和难于把握。但省略句也有一些出现频率很高,因此需要熟记。

  背诵例句:

  1、It is quite unevering not to beable to see or to establish contact with the others ,even though we have learntto talk with people we can not see, as on the telephone.

  译文:即使我们适应了打电话这种看不见对方的交谈方式,这种看不见也触摸不到对方的对话还是让人感到很不自在。

  2、To American, being on ones’sown means that one is a fulling dependent functioning part of the whole capableand willing to make choices.

  译文:对美国人来说,个人的自立就是指这个人在集体中完全独立并且又能发挥作用。他有能力而且也愿意在做出自己的选择。

  3、In their hearts, women think itis men’s business to earn money and theirs to spend it—if possible during theirhunsband‘s live, but, at any rate, after his death.

  译文:女人们从心底认为:挣钱是男人的事情,女人只管话花钱——可能的话丈夫在世时就花;不行的话,那就在丈夫去世后再花。

  4、I can’t accept this fact because I knowthat if I wasn’t able to avoid a mistake, chances were that no other surgeoncould have either.

  译文:我可以接受这个事实,因为我明白如果我都不能避免出错,那么其他的.外科大夫出错也就难免了。

  5、 With strong will, men canmove mountain and fill seas.—and have.

  译文:凭借坚强的意志,人类能够移山填海。而事实上人类已经做到。

  6、The war finally came to an end ,but notbefore hundreds of thousands of people had died.

  译文:战争终于结束,但却是在千万人在战争中丧生之后才结束。

  三、使用插入语

  插入语,是因为分裂了句子的结构而得名的,所以,这个术语主要是从语*能角度出发提出的,对语法形式没有多大考虑。插入语一般是主谓结构或者介宾结构。使用插入语主要是为了调整语气和增加补充信息,并且更主要目的是为了*衡句子结构,避免头重脚轻。插入语是主谓结构,一般都是“sb say/reason/suggest”这种格式,阅读问题不大,翻译时要提到句首。插入语是介宾结构也是如此处理。定语从句和分词做定语时,如果是插在主谓结构之间也可以看作是插入语。考研翻译中出现最多的插入语是用破折号插入的新话题或者补充信息。这种插入标志很明显,只是翻译处理会有些棘手。另外,因为一些句子成分(一般是定语)过长而出现后置,也可看作是插入现象。只不过这种插入只是句子原有成分间的位子变化,没有新增成分。

  背诵例句:

  1、Science moves forward , they say ,not somuch through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinarythings like improved techniques and tools.

  译文:他们说,科学的进步与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见,不如说源于诸如改进的技术 和工具等更为普通的东西。

  2、Those,unaware of what is happening insociety today may be surprised to learn that few academic philosophers studydeath, happiness and so on.

  译文:那些人不了解当今社会发生的事情,所以发现现在的哲学家很少研究死亡和幸福之类的东西时会感到奇怪。

  3、Most experts see in this aparadox -- an endless conflict between the desire to conform and the desire toremain apart.

  译文:大多数专家都从中看到一种矛盾,即从众的欲望和试图与众不同的欲望之间的绵延不断的冲突。

  4、Even being good at getting other people tofight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently—this, after all,is what conquerors and generals have done ——is not being civilized.

  译文:即使善于驱使别人去为自己打仗,并且告诉他们怎样打才最有效——这毕竟是征服者和将军们干过的事——也不能称其为文明行为。

  5、Demonstrations are being staged in thetown. where opposition is mounting to the construction of a nuclear waste storage plant near the river.

  译文:这个城市不断发生***,而且这种反对在河边建造核废料储存厂的呼声日高涨。

  四、改变语序

  改变语序,一般指倒装。倒装分为语法倒装和修辞倒装。考研难点一般在修辞倒装。修辞倒装主要是为了强调,一种是强调句子的表达重心,一种是强调一种表达语气,比如命令语气,假设语气(虚拟语气的倒装属于此类)疑问语气和否定语气。这些倒装常和一些连词或者副词(如nor/so/only/never/until等)密切相关。下文所举例子基本是从这个角度出发选择出来的。

  背诵例句:

  1、So involved with the book do the boybecome that his mother often have to force him to break.

  译文:那男孩对这本书如此着迷,以至于他的母亲不得不总强迫他停下。

  2、Only after studies provided evidence ofthe harmful effects of this program, has it been possible to modify TVprogramming policies.

  译文:除非研究提供证据表明这个节目有不良影响,否则电视节目的播放政策不会改变。

  3、Lonely was seeing his son only once amonth since the divorce.

  译文:离婚后,他每月只能看儿子一次。这使他感到孤独。

  4、Scientists do not know exactly how thevirus damages the immune system, nor do they understand why the naturalantibodies developed to destroy the virus are ineffective.

  译文:科学家们迄今未能确定这种病毒破坏免疫系统的机理,他们也不明白旨在破坏这种病毒的天然抗体为什么无效。

  5、And never before has it been so undeniablethat mutually beneficial international institutions of cooperation are a vitalglobal necessity.

  译文:过去人们从来没有这么坚信各国互利的国际合作机构是全球不可或缺的要素。

  6、The material destruction of the war wasnot so great but that it could by this time have been repaired, had a goodpeace been made without delay.

  译文:假若当时立即恢复了和*,战争在物质方面的破坏无论怎样大,到一也能够得到修复了。

  7、He wrote a novel, and no sooner did hehave the synopsis of a story ,but he would invite a crowd of his friends outdoorsand read it aloud to them.

  译文:他写小说时刚刚构思出剧情轮廓就赶紧邀请一群朋友到野外,然后把剧情梗概大声地念给他们听。


同位语从句和定语从句的区别有哪些3篇(扩展2)

——考研英语定语从句和同位语从句有哪些区别

考研英语定语从句和同位语从句有哪些区别1

  6月之前:词汇+长难句

  英语是一个需要长期下工夫的学科,想要短时间内突飞猛进基本不可能。基础就是词汇、长难句,而且这2个是后期做题的必备。所以6月份之前不要着急做题,这些基本功必须首先练好。只有这样,后期才能厚积薄发!

  词汇、长难句怎么搭配?给大家提一个方案:

  1、每天早上拿出1个半小时的时间背单词。

  单词怎么背?

  看音标识记、看图画记忆,并且要边背边写,手不停、口不停、脑不停!背完之后,通过纸上写的,联想今天的记忆情况。

  2、单词背完之后,再拿出1小时的时间研究长难句。

  计划可以定每天看15个,刚开始看的时候感觉很难,但是分析的多了,发现再长的句子我都能挑出主干、修饰成分。

  其实,这个阶段对长难句的学习,对后期的突飞猛进功不可没。这一阶段主要就是词汇搭配长难句,真题只需了解题型即可。

  6月以后:真题精练

  6月份以后就要开始真题的练习了。英语学科与其他学科不同,真题是最权威、唯一的资料。所以真题必须好好研究,反复做。

  1、真题分批做

  英语真题比较多,选取1990年以后的就可以了。其中,1990年以后的真题还可以分成2批来做:1990-2004年一个档,2005年以后一个档。真题建议:从前往后做。04年以前的"真题相对容易些,而且题型与现在有所不同,可以练手用。04年以后的真题可以最后留出几套,便于9月份甚至"十一"之后模拟自测用。

  2、真题怎么做

  真题一般要做到2~3遍。第一遍,主要是熟悉题型,初步总结做题思路。这一遍不要注重错误得分情况。

  在做阅读题的时候,建议大家先看题目,再根据题目定位每道题所在段落,最后是通读文章,尤其要注意定位好的重点句;在分析选项的时候,一般有2个选项比较好排除,剩下的2个选项则需要仔细揣摩。

  在最后抉择到底选哪个的时候,给大家提醒几点:第一,越是和文章一样的,越不能选择;第二,常用的几个错误一定要来回试着分析,比如,是否存在偷换概念、是否存在过度引申、是否存在无中生有等等。这些都是常用的技巧,大家一定要注意。

  第一遍:主要是熟悉这些常见的误区,通过真题解析,揣摩命题人的出题思路。为什么大家总是做不对题?最重要的原因就是没能按照命题人的思路分析文章,练习真题的过程也是我们培养命题人思维的过程、尽量脱离自己思维方式的过程。这也是上面所说的要熟悉常见的选项误区的原因。

  第二遍:主要是在初步掌握做题思路的基础上,进一步强化对真题的把控力度,可以适当总结适合自己的解题经验。这个阶段重在提高自己解题、分析试题的能力,对于做题中的感触,也要注重记笔记。也便于后期查阅。

  第三遍:主要就是查漏补缺,进一步巩固适合自己的解题方法。

  最后冲刺,作文怎么办

  最后阶段,作文这块也是大家最挠头的,因为*常一般不怎么练。关于作文怎么复习?给大家提2点建议:

  1、从"十一"之后,每天都练练作文,边读边写。可以抄写真题,也可以自己写。对于开头、中间过渡、结尾,自己建个手抄本,好的句子抄上去,每天都翻看背一下。

  2、最后阶段也有很多预测作文的书,同学们可以买本看看。在此,推荐文都教育何凯文、谭剑波老师的相关书籍,都可以看看,便于增加不同题材的词汇量,考试的时候也能应对自如。

  考研没有捷径,只要坚持,方法对路,就一定能成功。端正自己的态度,加油!


同位语从句和定语从句的区别有哪些3篇(扩展3)

——英语语法同位语从句与定语从句的区别

英语语法同位语从句与定语从句的区别1

  同位语从句与定语从句形相似而实质不同,具体表现在以下几个方面:

  (1)被修饰的"词不同。同位语从句的前面一般是数量有限的、表示抽象意义的名词;而定语从句的先行词是无数的指人或物名词。

  (2)从句的作用不同。同位语从句表示同位名词的具体内容;而定语从句是对先行词—名词的限制、描绘或说明。

  (3)引导词的作用不同。引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不担任任何成分,但不能省略;而引导定语从句的that为关系代词,在从句中担任句子的某种成分,当担任定语从句中的宾语时,that可以省略。

  (4)引导词不同。定语从句不能用what,how,whether引导;而同位从句可以用what,how,whether引导

  (5)判定定语从句和同位语从句的方法。同位语从句可充当同位名词的表语;而定语从句不能充当先行词的表语。


同位语从句和定语从句的区别有哪些3篇(扩展4)

——in which 定语从句3篇

in which 定语从句1

  你的问题中提到的in which是属于“介词+关系代词”型的定语从句.

  关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词 + 关系代词(只用 whom /which)引导

  The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.

  = The school in which he once studied is very famous.

  Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.

  = Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.

  We"ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.

  = We"ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.

in which 定语从句2

  1.in which可以等于when,也可以等于where,但不会等于why.

  关键是看定语从句中缺少时间状语还是地点状语.

  2.例如:

  1)I"ll never forget these days in/during which I stayed with you.

  = I"ll never forget these days when I stayed with you.

  我永远不会忘记我和你待在一起的日子.

  其中:in/during which I stayed with you = when I stayed with you

  = I stayed with you in/during which = I stayed with you in/during these days

  2)This is the city in which I stayed last year.

  = This is the city where I stayed last year.

  这就是那个去年我待的地方.

  其中:where I stayed last year = in which I stayed last year

  = I stayed in which last year = I stayed in the city last year.

  3.另外,有的in which找不到合适的关系副词代替.

  如:I dislike the way in which you treat me.

  我不喜欢你对待我的方式.

  其中:in which you treat me = you treat me in which

  = you treat me in the way

  4.for which = why

  如:Can you tell me the reason why you were late?

  = Can you tell me the reason for which you were late?

  你能告诉我你迟到的原因吗?

  其中:why you were late = for which you were late

  = you were late for which = you were late for the reason

in which 定语从句3

  in which用于定语从句,作关系代词,在句中要做成分

  in which用于定语从句,作关系副词,在句中不做成分,in which=where

  in which只搜索能用在定语从句中,等于where,在定语从句中作状语。

  如:He lived in the house in which tomonce lived.

  定语从句中如

  This is the room in which we stayed

  先行词是room,后的句子是用来修饰room的

  但是room不可做stay的成分,因为stay是不及物动词,后不可直接家宾语,所以要有个介词.

  其实上述的句子

  This is the room which we stayed in.

  这里的介词是可以提到which前的

  定语从句in which等的用法

  in which,forwhich,onwhich,atwhich的不同用法

  这些都是定语从句里面,由which引导的定语从句,介词提前。


同位语从句和定语从句的区别有哪些3篇(扩展5)

——同位语从句与定语从句有什么区别3篇

同位语从句与定语从句有什么区别1

  一、意义的不同

  同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的,它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号;而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的,它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来。如:

  We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是that he will come,故that引导的是同位语从句)

  We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制the news的内容的,即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news,故that从句为定语从句)

  二、引导词的不同

  what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句,但不引导定语从句。

  三、引导词的功能上的不同

  that引导同位语从句时,它不充当句子成分,而引导定语从句时,它作为关系代词,要么充当定语从句的主语,要么充当定语从句的.宾语。如上例 that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。

  四、被修饰词语的区别

  同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限,通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等,而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。另外,when和where 引导定语从句时,通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词,而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定;又如why引导定语从句,它通常只修饰名词the reason,而它引导同位语从句时则不一定。如:

  I have no idea when they will come . 我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句)

  I"ll never forget the days when I lived there.. 我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句)

  We don"t understand the problem why this is the best choice. 我们不明白这个问题,为什么这是最好的选择。(同位语从句 )

  The reason why he didn"t come to the meeting is that he is ill. 他未能来开会,原因是他生病了。(定语从句)


同位语从句和定语从句的区别有哪些3篇(扩展6)

——定语从句whose用法3篇

定语从句whose用法1

  定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。

  关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。

  关系副词有:when, where, why等。

  关系代词引导的定语从句

  关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

  1.who, whom, that

  这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:

  Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

  他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

  He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

  他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

  2. Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:

  They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。

  Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的`书。

  3.whose用作关系代词时,它并不表示谁的,而是表示的,在具体语境需要灵活处理。如:

  He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的人。

  The boys whose names were called stood up. 叫到名字的男孩们站了起来。

  You are the only one whose advice he might listen to. 你是惟一可能使他听从劝告的人。

  4. 不要以为whose引导定语从句时,其先行词一定是指人的名词,其实也可以是指事物(包括动物)的名词。如:

  It was an island whose name I have forgotten. 这是一座岛,名字我忘了。

  Wolves are highly social animals whose success depends upon cooperation. 狼是高度群体化的动物,它们的成功依赖于合作。

  5. whose 不仅可以引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句。如:

  My bitch, whose temper is very uncertain, often bites the judges at dog shows. 我的母狗脾气不稳定,常常在狗展上咬裁判。

  One of the Britons, whose identity has not been revealed, was taken to hospital. 其中一位英国人被送往医院。他的身份还没有透露。


同位语从句和定语从句的区别有哪些3篇(扩展7)

——定语从句与补语3篇

定语从句与补语1

  一、定语从句的引导词

  1、一共有9个:who, whom , whose, that, which, when,where, why, as

  与名词从句相比:定从不能由what和how引导;which的含义改变;定从内部的介词可以放引导词前。

  2、引导词的功能有哪些?

  (1)引导定语从句

  (2)代替先行词在定语从句中充当一个成分。(先行词在从句中不再出现)

  二、定语从句的关键

  1、首先,要能判断出该从句是什么从句:

  (1)放句首没有用逗号分开的,一般是主语从句,也有可能是状语从句,但从句结束后若有体现时态变化的动词,则一定是主语从句。

  (2)放及物动词后,若及物动词不是被动语态,后面一定是宾语从句;若该及物动词是被动语态,后面一般是主语从句(It+ is + adj/n./done+that/whether/when…)或状语从句。

  (3)放be动词后,后面一定是表语从句,但 “It is/was + 从句(被强调成分) + that”是强调句(强调句中“非谓语”)。

  (4)放名词后,一般是定语从句,但若该名词有“内涵/内容”(fact/truth/news/information/ problem/suggestion), 则很可能是同位语从句。

  (5)用逗号分开的从句,一般是状语从句或 as/which引导的定语从句,也要注意用放在句中用逗号分开的“插入语”(however, for example,believe it or not等)。

  2、其次,判断出是定语从句后可以用“三个优先”法做题:

  (1)优先选择含whose的选项,能与空格后的名词构成“某人的某物”搭配,一般就是答案;

  (2)优先选择含介词的选项,然后看该介词与从句中的谓语是否能构成符合逻辑的搭配;

  (3)用逗号分开的定从,优先考虑as和which,若该空能翻译为“一件事”而从句意思是通顺的,则放句首就用as,句末用which(若该空能翻译为“如同”“像…一样”则应用as)

  3、再次,做定语从句题可以用“三问法”来检测是否出错:

  (1)先行词本身是否为特殊的词?

  way+ in which/that/省略

  指物的不定代词:anything, one, some,many, a lot, all, both, that等 + that

  指人的不定代词或数词:one, those, anyone, two等 + who

  既有人又有物: + that

  “抽象的地点”condition, situation,case, point + where

  “抽象的时间”one’s stay/visit + when

  在特定语境中可以作“地点/位置”理解的词:trousers/ sleeves + where

  (2)先行词前面有无特殊的词?

  有不定代词修饰:all/every/little/much+ …+ that

  有最高级/序数词修饰:the best/second … + that

  有just the/ the very/ the only/ the last等修饰:+ that

  有who/which疑问词:+ that(避免重复)

  有the same/ such/ as修饰:一般+ as

  (注意: ①第一个as是否为一个以as结尾的搭配,如regard…as;

  ②区分such…as(定从)与such …that“如此…以至于”)

  (3)先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分?

  注意:从句中spend后的“时间”,以及visit后的“地点”,不是状语,而是宾语,应该用不定代词

  4、只能用that引导定语从句有哪些情况?

  先行词前为all, everything, nothing,something, anything, little, much等不定代词时;

  先行词前有:all, every, no, some, any,little, much, few等不定代词修饰时;

  先行词被序数词修饰时;

  先行词被形容词最高级修饰时;

  先行词前only, just, very, last有等修饰时;

  先行词是表示人和物混杂的两个名词时;

  主句是以who, which,开头的疑问句或先行词是疑问代词时;

  在修饰时间、地点等先行词时,只有用that代替when, where等引导词;

  【例】I"ll never forget the Sunday (that) you first arrived.

  Do you know anywhere (that) I can get a drink ?

  先行词为reason, way (意为“方法”)时,常用that 代替why,which, in which,也可省略。

  引导词在定语从句中作表语时,多用that引导。

  先行词是主句表语时;

  【例】It is a dictionary that will help you a lot.

  当主语以there be 开头时;

  当先行词是数词时;

  同一个复合句里有两个定语从句,一个用which,另一个通常用that。

  5、reason后面用什么引导?way 后面用什么引导?

  reason后面的定语从句用why引导。

  way 后面定语从句用in which 或 that引导that可以省略。

  6、when引导的定语从句等于什么引导的定语从句?

  when引导的定语从句等于介词+ which引导的定语从句。

  7、where 引导的定语从句等于什么引导的定语从句?

  where 引导的定语从句等于介词+which引导的定语从句。

  ★8、one of 和 the (only) one of引导的定语从句在主谓一致问题上应注意什么?

  前者引导的定语从句谓语动词用复数;后者用单数。

  9、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句有和区别?

  限制性定语从句是主句不可缺少的一个部分,缺少后主句意思不完整。非限制性定语从句是对主句的`进一步说明,不要从句对主句意义无多大影响;非限制性定语从句前后有逗号隔开。而且非限制性定语从句中不能用that。

  10、as 和which引导的非限制性定语从句在用法上有什么区别?

  as和 which 都可以引导非限制性定语从句.都可以代替主句中的整个内容或某一成分。

  as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以位于句首,并常和know, see, expect等词连用,意为:“正如……”,而which不能位于句首。

  11、as 可以用于哪些结构中引导定语从句?

  such... as; the same... as; so ...as..

  12、the same…as和 the same…that 引导的定语从句如何区别?

  the same…as 引导的定语从句指的是相同事物,强调同类。

  the same…that引导的定语从句指的是同一物。

  13、such…as …和 such…that…如何区分?

  such…as…引导的是定语从句,as必须代替先行词在其引导的从句中充当成分。

  such…that…引导的从句是状语从句,that只是引导从句并不在其引导的从句中充当成分,在选择填空首先看从句中是否缺句子成分,如果缺成分就要考虑是定语从句;如果不缺成分就要考虑是状语成分。

  ★14、whose 引导定语从句有那些注意点?

  whose 作定语,后面跟名词。一般有三种表示形式:

  【例】This is the dictionary whose cover has come off.

  = This is the dictionary the cover of which has come off.

  = This is the dictionary of which the cover has come off.

  ★★★15、 “介词 + 关系词” 开头的定语从句有哪几种情况?

  注意:引导定从的介词后不能加who/that

  (1)先行词在从句中做状语,用来替换when/where/why的:in/on/from/for/in front of + which/whom:

  (2)“of所有格”: the+名词+ of + which/whom; of + which/whom +… the+名词

  (3)“某个范围中的多少”: some/both/the former + of + which/whom; of + which/whom … some…

  (4)偶尔可用“介词+ whose”和“介词+where”

  三、关系代词引导的定语从句

  关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

  1、who指人,在从句中做主语

  The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

  2、whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。

  Mr. Liu is the person (whom)you talked about on the bus.

  【注意】关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。

  The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

  3、which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略

  Football is a game which is liked by most boys.

  4、that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。

  The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.

  5、whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语

  He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

  whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替:

  The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

  =The classroom of which the door is broken will soon be repaired.

  Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?

  =Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

  (注意:the + 名词 + of which/whom常考!)

  四、介词+关系代词whom/which引导的定语从句(重点)

  关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导:

  The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.

  =The school in which he once studied is very famous.

  【注意】

  1、含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:look for, look after, take care of等

  (1)This is the watch which/that I am lookingfor.(T)

  (2)This is the watch for which I amlooking. (F)

  2、若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose

  (1)The man with whom you talked is my friend.(T)

  (2)The man who/that you talked with is my friend.(F)

  3、“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most,each, few等代词或者数词,构成some of which/whom等类似结构引导的定语从句。(重点:常考!)

  (1)He loved his parents dee*, of whom both are very kind to him.

  (2)In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.

  (3)There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.

  在特定语境中,可以用“介词+ whose/where”引导定语从句

  The boss in whose department Ms King once worked is a kind man.

  五、关系副词引导的定语从句

  1、when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语

  when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)

  (1)I still remember the day when I first came to the school.

  (2)The time when we got together finally came.

  2、where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语

  where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)

  (1)Shanghai is the city where I was born.

  (2)The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.

  3、why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语,此时先行词常为reason。可变为for which(常考!)

  why=for which

  (1)Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

  (2)I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.

  【注意】关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换

  (1)The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear.

  (2)From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.

  (3)Great changes have taken place in thecity in which/where I was born.


同位语从句和定语从句的区别有哪些3篇(扩展8)

——新概念一定语从句

新概念一定语从句1

  一、什么是定语(Attributive) :

  a loyal friend 形容词作定语

  a woman teacher 名词作定语

  a girl with long hair 介词短语作后置定语

  falling / fallen leaves 分词作定语

  定语从句在句中相当于一个定语的成分起修饰的作用。

  二、定语从句的构成:

  1)which/that

  a. Annawas wearing a hat.

  b. Itwas too dirty.

  定从: Annawas wearing a hat which/that was too dirty. (主语)

  安娜戴了一顶很脏的帽子。

  a. The hat was too dirty.

  b. Anna was wearing a hat

  定从: The hat that/ which Anna was wearing was too dirty.(宾语)

  安娜戴着的那顶帽子太脏了。

  2). who/whom

  a. I meta boy.

  b. Theboy can speak three languages.

  定从: I met a boy who can speak three languages. (主语)

  我见到了一个能说三种语言的男孩儿。

  a. Theboy can speak three languages.

  b. I met a boy.

  定从:The boy whom/ who I met can speak three languages. (宾语)

  我见到的男孩儿能说三种语言。

  3. whose

  a. We saw some people.

  b. Their arms had broken.

  定从: We saw some people whose arms had broken.

  我们看见了一些手臂受了伤的人。

  a. The desk belongs to Mary.

  b. The leg of the desk is broken.

  定从: The deskwhose leg is broken belongs to Mary.

  腿坏了的桌子属于玛利。

  三、只能使用关系代词that的几种情况。

  1. 先行词为all, little, few,much, nothing, something, anything, everything等不定代词时

  e.g.There is nothing that I can say

  2. 先行词被 all, each, few,much, every, no, some, any 等词修饰时

  e.g. I have few books that you needed

  3. 先行词既有人又有物时

  e.g. He talked about the teachers and schools that he liked

  4.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时

  e.g. This is the best composition that I have read.

  5. 先行词被the only, the very,the last 等修饰时

  e.g. This is the very man that I am looking for.

  6. 主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时

  e.g. Who is the man that is holding Mary’s hand?

  四、非限定性定语从句 Non-restrictive Attributive Clause

  1. “位置形式”:紧接先行词,不用标点分割

  e.g. I want to buy the house which has agarden.

  2. 用逗号与主句隔开,修饰“主句全句或部分内容”,可置句末,中,首。

  e.g. I want to buy the house, which has agarden.

  The earth is round, which is known to all

  As is known to all, the earth is round.

  3. “先行词”

  限定性: n. / n. phrase

  e.g. He wears a red shirt which makes himlike a girl.

  非限定性:1). n. / n. phrase

  2). the sentence

  e.g. He wears a red shirt, which makes himlike a girl.

  “关系词的用法”

  限定性:1).关系代词作从句宾语时可省

  2). that可替who, whom, which(口)

  e.g. This is the book( which/that) I boughtyesterday.

  非限定性:1).关系词不能用that

  2).不能替换,不能省(which, as)

  e.g. I like the book, which I bought yesterday

  Do you know Tom, whom we talked about?

  She has to work on Sundays,which she doesn’t like.

Tags: 从句   定语   区别  

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