2011年6月大学英语四级真题 Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday. While elderly people __47__ to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger, this has a(n) __48__ effect on their brain＇s performance and they would benefit from getting more, according to research. Sean Drummond, a. psychiatrist (心理医生) at the University of California, San Diego, said older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at sleeping __49__ straight through the night. More sleep in old age, however, is __50__ with better health, and most older people would feel better and more __51__ if they slept for longer periods, he said. “The ability to sleep in one chunk (整块时间) overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to __52__ well does not change,” Dr Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego. “It＇s __53__ a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were __54__. Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from __55__ to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. That＇s __56__ from person to person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the same amount as we need at 75.” 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

　A) alert I) formally B) associated J) function C) attracting K) mixed D) cling L) negative E) continuing M) sufficient F) definitely N) tend G) different O) younger

　答案Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth) 47 N tend

　48 L negative

　49 H efficiently

　 50 B associated 51 A alert

　 52 J function/ 53 F definitely

　54 O younger 55 E continuing56 G different 文章大意：本文主要讲述的是关于老年人睡眠的问题：是否老年人与年轻人相比只需要较少的睡眠时间？

　 2010年12月英语四级考试真题 Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were

　 47

　. The study of how genes and environment interact to influence

　 48

　 activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important

　 49

　 to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology influences mind, brain and behavior. Any research that suggests that

　 50

　 to perform certain behaviors are based in biology is controversial. Who wants to be told that there are limitations to what you can

　 51

　 based on something that is beyond your control, such as your genes? It is easy to accept that genes control physical characteristics such as sex, race and eye color. But can genes also determine whether people will get divorced, how

　 52

　 they are, or what career they are likely to choose? A concern of psychological scientists is the

　 53

　 to which all of these characteristics are influenced by nature and nurture(养育), by genetic makeup and the environment. Increasingly, science

　 54

　 that genes lay the groundwork for many human traits. From this perspective, people are born

　 55

　 like undeveloped photographs: The image is already captured, but the way it

　 56

　 appears can vary based on the development process. However, the basic picture is there from the beginning. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

　［A］ abilities

　［I］ extent

　 ［B］ achieve

　［J］ indicates

　 ［C］ appeal

　 ［K］ proceeds

　 ［D］ complaints

　［L］ psychological

　 ［E］ contributions

　［M］ raised

　 ［F］ displayed

　 ［N］ smart

　 ［G］ essentially

　［O］ standard

　 ［H］ eventually 答案Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth) 47. M) raised

　48. L) psychological

　 49. E) contributions

　 50. A) abilities 51. B) achieve

　 52. N) smart

　53. I) extent

　54. J) indicates 55. G) essentially

　 56. H) eventually

　 2010年6月英语四级考试真题 Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) 　　Section A 　　Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. 　　Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. 　　When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new ones – the kind of high-tech, solar-paneled masterpieces that make the covers of architecture magazines. But the U.S. has more than 100 million existing homes, and it would be __47__ wasteful to tear them all down and __48__ them with greener versions. An enormous amount of energy and resources went into the construction of those houses. And it would take an average of 65 years for the __49__ carbon emissions from a new energy-efficient home to make up for the resources lost by destroying an old one. So in the broadest __50__, the greenest home is the one that has already been built. But at the same time, nearly half of U. S. carbon emissions come from heating, cooling and __51__ our homes, offices and other buildings. “You can＇t deal with climate change without dealing with existing buildings,“ says Richard Moe, the president of the National Trust. 　　With some __52__, the oldest homes tend to be the least energy-efficient. Houses built before 1939 use about 50% more energy per square foot than those built after 2000, mainly due to the tiny cracks and gaps that __53__ over time and let in more outside air. 　　Fortunately, there are a __54__ number of relatively simple changes that can green older homes, from __55__ ones like Lincoln＇s Cottage to your own postwar home. And efficiency upgrades (升级) can save more than just the earth; they can help __56__ property owners from rising power costs. 　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

　A) accommodations

　 B) clumsy

　 C) doubtful

　D) exceptions

　E) expand

　F) historic

　 G) incredibly

　H) powering

　 I) protect

　 J) reduced

　 K) replace

　L) sense

　M) shifted

　 N) supplying

　O) vast 答案Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth) 　　47. G incredibly

　48. K replace

　49. J reduced

　50. L sense

　51. H powering 　　52. D exceptions

　　53. E expand

　54. O vast

　55. F historic

　56. I protect

　2009年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案 　Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. 　　In families with two working parents, fathers may have more impact on a child’s language development than mothers, a new study suggests. 　　Researchers 47 92 families form 11 child care centers before their children were a year old, interviewing each to establish income, level of education and child care arrangements. Overall, it was a group of well-class families, with married parents both living in the home. 　　When the children were 2, researchers videotaped them at home in free-play sessions with both parents, 48 all of their speech. The study will appear in the November issue of The Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology. 　　The scientists measured the 49 number of utterance (话语) of the parents, the number of different words they used, the complexity of their sentences and other 50 of their speech. On average, fathers spoke less than mothers did, but they did not differ in the length of utterances or proportion of questions asked. 　　Finally, the researchers 51 the children’s speech at age 3, using a standardized language test. The only predictors of high scores on the test were the mother’s level of education, the 52 of child care and the number of different words the father used.

　　　The researchers are 53 why the father’s speech, and not the mother’s, had an effect. 　　“It’s well 54 that the mother’s language does have an impact,” said Nadya Pancsofar, the lead author of the study. It could be that the high-functioning mothers in the study had 55 had a strong influence on their children’s speech development, Ms. Pancsofar said, “or it may be that mothers are 56 in a way we didn’t measure in the study.” 　　注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。

　A) already

　B) analyzed

　C) aspects

　D) characters

　E) contributing

　 F) describing

　 G) established

　 H) quality

　I) quoted

　J) recording

　K) recruited

　 L) total M) unconscious

　N) unsure

　O) yet

　答案Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth) 　47.【快速解题】动词辨义题。

　　　K【火眼金睛】本句缺少谓语，根据句中before引导的时间状语从句中的过去时态，可以断定谓语动词应使用过去时。根据句意，备选动词中recruited符合题意。此外备选词中analyzed是强干扰项，但其实并不合适，因为“研究者们分析了92个家庭……，并且逐一询问了他们的收入、受教育状况、孩子的照顾情况。”其中“分析”与“逐一询问”在逻辑意义上不符。

　　　48.【快速解题】动词辨义题。

　　　J【火眼金睛】空格处在with短语中，且应该作宾语parents 的补足语。根据句意可知此处应为“研究人员将他们与父母双方在家自由玩耍的情景录制下来，并记录他们所有的谈话。”可以看出此处需填一个动名词，并含有“记录”的意思，备选动词中recording 符合题意。

　　　49.【快速解题】动词辨义题。

　　　L【火眼金睛】空格位于the 与number之间，可知此处需填入一个形容词作定语。备选形容词中total 符合题意，意为“父母亲话语总的数量”。

　　　50.【快速解题】名词辨义题。

　　　C【火眼金睛】空格位于other 之后，可知此处需填入名词，备选名词只有aspects符合题意，意为“科学家们测量了父母亲话语总的数量，使用不同词汇的数量，他们的语句的复杂程度以及他们语言的其他方面。” 51.【快速解题】动词辨义题。

　　　B【火眼金睛】空格在主语the researchers之后，可知此处应填入谓语动词的过去时态。剩余的备选动词中analyzed 符合题意，意为“最后，当孩子们三岁时，研究者们对孩子进行了标准化的语言测试，并对他们的语言进行了分析。” 　　52.【快速解题】名词辨义题。

　　　H【火眼金睛】空格处前后分别为 the 与of，可知此处需填入名词，根据上下文可知该句意为“测试中，预测高分的指标包括母亲受教育的程度，养育孩子的质量，父亲使用不同词汇的数量。”备选名词中quality 符合题意。

　　　53.【快速解题】形容词辨义题。

　　　N【火眼金睛】空格位于be动词与why 从句之间，可知需填入形容词或过去分词，以构成系表结构。动词中的剩余词汇，均不能使句意通顺。备选形容词中unsure可使句意通顺，意为“令研究者们疑惑的是为什么父亲而非母亲的语言对孩子有影响。” 　　54.【快速解题】动词辨义题。

　　　G【火眼金睛】空格处在is well和that从句之间，此处需要填入过去分词。备选动词中established 符合题意, 其中it is well established that…，意为“大家公认……”。

　　　55.【快速解题】副词辨义题。

　　　A【火眼金睛】本句结构完整，空格处需填入一个副词。空格前后的had并不相同，前面的had是构成过去完成时态的助动词，后面的had是短语have a strong influence on…，结合句意，备选副词中already符合题意。

　　　56.【快速解题】动词辨义题。

　　　E【火眼金睛】纵观全句，空格处应填入现在分词，与are构成现在进行时态。根据句意“最终对于整个学校的文化氛围都会产生有益的影响”。备选动词中contributing符合题意, 意为“可能母亲起作用的方式在研究中我们没有测量。” 2009年6月英语四级考试真题与答案 Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

　Every year in the first week of my English class, some students inform me that writhing is too hard. They never write, unless assignments

　47

　it . They fine the writing process

　48

　and difficult.

　 How awful to be able to speak in a language but not to write in it-

　49

　English , with its rich vocabulary . Being able to speak but not write is like living in an

　50

　mansion(豪宅) and never leaving one small room . When I meet students who think they can’t write, I know as a teacher my

　51

　is to show them the rest of the rooms . My task is to build fluency while providing the opportunity inherent in any writing activity to

　52

　the moral and emotional development of my students . One great way to do this is by having students write in a journal in class every day.

　Writing ability is like strength training. Writing needs to be done

　53

　, just like exercise ; just as muscles grow stronger with exercise , writing skills improve quickly with writing practice. I often see a rise in student confidence and

　54

　after only a few weeks of journal writing .

　Expressing oneself in writing is one of the most important skills I teach to strengthen the whole student. When my students practice journal writing, they are practicing for their future academic, political, and

　55

　lives . They build skills so that some day they might write a great novel, a piece of sorely needed legislation, or the perfect love letter. Every day that they write in their journals puts them a step

　 56

　to fluency , eloquence (雄辩), and command of language . A) closer

　 I) painful B) daily

　J) performance C) emotional

　K) profession D) enhance

　 L) remarkably E) enormous

　M) require F) especially

　N) sensitive G) hinder

　 O) urge H) mission

　　答案Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth) 47. M require

　 48. I painful

　49.F especially

　50. E enormous

　 51.H mission

　 52. D enhance

　 53. B daily

　54.J performance

　55. K profession

　 56 A daily

　2008年12月大学英语四级考试真题 Question 47-56 A bookless life is an incomplete life. Books influence the depth and breadth of life. They meet the natural______47_____for freedom, for expression, for creativity and beauty of life. Learners, therefore, must have books, and the right type of book, for the satisfaction of their need. Readers turn______48_____ to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and their need to ____49 _____ from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the mind and the spirit. Through their reading they find a deeper significance to life as books acquaint them with life in the world as it was and it is now. They are presented with a __50 _____ of human experiences and come to ___51 ____ other ways of thought and living. And while ____52 ____ their own relationships and responses to life , the readers often find that the ___53__ in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their own.

　Books provide ___54 ____ material for readers’ imagination to grow. Imagination is a valuable quality and a motivating power, and stimulates achievement. While enriching their imagination, books __55 ____their outlook, develop a fact-finding attitude and train them to use leisure ___56 ___. The social and educational significance of the readers’ books cannot be overestimated in an academic library.

　 A. Abundant

　B. Characters

　C. Communicating

　D. Completely

　 E. Derive

　F. Desire

　G. Diversity

　H. Escape

　 I. Establishing

　J. Narrow

　K. Naturally

　 L. Personnel

　 M. Properly

　N. Respect

　O. Widen 答案Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth) 47. F/ desire

　48. K/ naturally

　49. H/ escape

　50. G/ diversity

　51. N/ respect

　52. I/ establishing

　53. B/ characters

　54. A/ abundant

　 55. O/ widen

　56. M/ properly

　 2008年6月大学英语四级考试真题 Section A Some years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require three months of travel through Europe. I had been abroad a couple of times, but I could hardly _47_ to know my way around the continent. Moreover, my knowledge of foreign languages was _48_ to a little college French. I hesitated. How would I, unable to speak the language, _49_ unfamiliar with local geography or transportation systems, set up _50_ and do research? It seemed impossible, and with considerable _51_ I sat down to write a letter begging off. Halfway through, a thought can through my mind: you can learn if you don’t try. So I accepted the assignment. There were some bad _52_. But by the time I had finished the trip I was an experienced traveler. And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most remote of places, without guiders or even _53_ bookings, confident that somehow I will manage. The point is that the new, the different, is almost by definition _54_. But each time you try something, you learn, and as the learning piles up, the world opens to you. I’ve learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine River in a _55_. And I know I’ll go on doing such things. It’s not because I’m braver or more daring than others. I’m not. But I’ll accept anxiety as another name for challenge and I believe I can _56_ wonders.

　A) accomplish

　 B) advanced

　 C) balloon

　 D) claim E) constantly

　F) declare

　 G) interviews

　H)limited I) manufacture

　 J) moments

　K) news

　L) reduced M) regret

　N) scary

　 O) totally 答案Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth) 47. D) claim

　48. H) limited

　49. O) totally

　50. G) interviews

　 51. M) regret 52. J) moments

　53. B) advanced

　54. N) scary

　 55. C) balloon 56. A) accomplish

　2007年12月四级考试真题 Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. As war spreads to many comers of the globe, Children sadly have been drawn into the center of conflicts. In Afghanistan, Bosnia, and Colombia, however, groups of children have been taking part in peace education 47 .The children, after learning to resolve conflicts, took on the 48 of peacemakers. The Children’s Movement for peacemakers was even nominated(提名) or the Nobel peace prize in 1998. Groups of children 49 is peacemakers studied human rights an poverty issues in Colombia, eventually forming a group with five other schools in Bogota known a The Schools of Peace. The classroom 50 opportunities for children to replace angry, violent behaviors with 51 ,peaceful ones. It is in the classroom that caring and respect for each person empowers children to take a step 52 toward becoming peacemakers. Fortunately, educators have access to many online resources that are 53 useful when helping children along the path to peace. The Young Peacemakers Club, started in 1992, provides a Website with resources for teachers and 54 on staring a Kindness Campaign. The World Centers of Compassion for Children International call attention to children’s rights and how to help the 55 of war. Starting a Peacemakers’ Club

　is a praiseworthy venture for a class an one that could spread to other classrooms an ideally affect the culture of the 56 school. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

　A) acting

　I) information

　 B) assuming

　 J) offers C) comprehensive K) projects D) cooperative

　L) respectively E) entire

　 M) role

　F) especially

　 N) technology G) forward

　 O) victims

　 H) images 答案Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth) 47. K. projects

　　48. M. role

　　49. A. acting

　　50. J. offers

　51. D. cooperative52. G. forward

　53. F. especially

　54. I. Information

　 55. O. victims

　 　56. E. entire.

　2007年6月23日大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷及答案 Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. Years ago, doctors often said that pain was a normal part of life. In particular, when older patients __47__ of pain, they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it. Times have changed. Today, we take pain __48__. Indeed, pain is now considered the fifth vital sign, as important as blood pressure, temperature, breathing rate and pulse in __49__ a person’s well-being. We know that chronic (慢性的) pain can disrupt (扰乱) a person’s life, causing problems that __50__ from missed work to depression. That’s why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians who __51__ in pain medicine. Not only do we evaluate the cause of the pain, which can help us treat the pain better, but we also help provide comprehensive therapy for depression and other psychological and social __52__ related to chronic pain. Such comprehensive therapy often __53__ the work of social workers, psychiatrists (心理医生) and psychologists, as well as specialists in pain medicine. This modern __54__ for pain management has led to a wealth of innovative treatments which are more effective and with fewer side effects than ever before. Decades ago, there were only a __55__ number of drugs available, and many of them caused __56__ side effects in older people, including dizziness and fatigue. This created a double-edged sword: the medications helped relieve the pain but caused other problems that could be worse than the pain itself. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答

　A)

　result I)

　 determining

　 B)

　involves

　J)

　 limited

　C)

　significant

　K)

　gravely

　D)

　range

　L)

　complained

　E)

　relieved

　M) respect

　F)

　 issues

　N)

　prompting

　G)

　seriously

　O)

　specialize

　H)

　magnificent 答案Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth)

　47.

　L

　48.

　G

　49.

　I

　50.

　D

　51.

　O

　52.

　F

　 53.

　B

　 54.

　M

　55.

　J

　 56.

　C

　2006年12月23日四级考试真题 Direction: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

　The flood of women into the job market boosted economic growth and changed U.S. society in many ways. Many in-home jobs that used to be done

　 47

　 by women----ranging from family shopping to preparing meals to doing

　 48

　 work——still need to be done by someone .Husbands and children now do some of these jobs, a

　 49

　 that has changed the target market for many products. Or a working woman may face a crushing “poverty of time “and look for help elsewhere, creating opportunities for producers of frozen meals, child care centers, dry cleaners, financial services, and the like. Although there is still a big wage

　 50

　 between men and women, the income working women

　 51

　 gives them new independence and buying power. For example, women now

　52

　 about half of all cars. Not long ago, many cars dealers

　 53

　 women shoppers by ignoring them or suggesting that they come back with their husbands. Now car companies have realized that women are

　 54

　 customers. It’s interesting that some leading Japanese car dealers were the first to

　 55

　 pay attention to women customers. In Japan, fewer women have jobs or buy cars — the Japanese society is still very much male—oriented. Perhaps it was the

　 56

　 contrast with Japanese society that prompted American firms to pay more attention to women buyers. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答 A）scale

　B）retailed

　 C）generate

　 D）extreme

　E）technically

　 F）affordable

　 G）situation

　 H）really

　I）potential

　J）gap

　K）voluntary

　 L）excessive

　M）insulted

　N）purchase

　 O）primarily

　答案Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth) 47. O) primarily

　48. K) voluntary

　49. G) situation

　 50. J) gap

　51. C) generate

　52. N) purchase

　53. M) insulted

　 54. I) potential

　55. H) really

　56. D) extreme