岱禾景观事务所

草地公民湿地公园坐落在塞纳河和卡里耶尔苏普瓦西市之间，占地113 hm2，是法国伊夫林省最大的生态涵养区和生物绿色保护区。这个拥有2.8 km河岸线和13 km慢行道的自然公园，是当地人进行家庭户外活动、休闲娱乐、自然观光的首选。改造前这里曾是洪水泛滥的采砂场，经过长达一个世纪的砂砾开采，这片基地演变成毫无利用价值的废弃场所。开采形成的2个大型水塘，也因为疏于管理而杂草丛生，很大程度上影响了塞纳河沿岸的风光。不仅如此，周围居民的活动范围也被限定在特定的使用区间内，在洪水季时，人们被禁止进入湿地区域。这不禁引人深思，这片废弃的湿地区域该以何种方式重建？于是在大塞纳河开发区管委会负责人菲利浦·多朵（Philippe Tautou）的建议下，湿地公园的规划项目正式开展。

得益于自20世纪90年代就从对塞纳河整体沿线的国土总体规划中积累了丰富的规划与景观设计经验，岱禾景观事务所（Agence TER）以创新的理念被选为草地公民湿地公园的设计团队。

虽然场地具有洪涝的风险，但同时也具有塞纳河流域独特的生态潜力，岱禾的团队采取对当地已罕见的湿地区域提供保护的设计方案。设计方案中不设置任何传统的隔断式堤岸，而是以“自然捍卫者”的立场去“接纳”河水。借鉴自然形成的砾石浅滩河岸形态，岱禾团队对岸线进行了微地形重构，使之利于河水自由涨落和适于鱼类产卵。设计方案结合塞纳河岸线重新布置了生态修复区，为生态过渡带、河岸植物群落和河滩冲积层提供场所；
还通过增设步道和观景台，让人们能够更方便地亲近河岸。

草地公民湿地公园由3个特点鲜明的区域构成：1）容纳河岸植被及冲积沙层的洪水缓冲区；
2）由工业荒地和水塘改建成的生态开阔区；
3）公园和城市之间的慢行道和活动过渡区。

河谷与高地的自然脉络被清晰地梳理出来，循序渐进地打造三部分景观实体，景观从平原河谷延伸到塞纳河高地，使湿地公园成为延续塞纳河生态的重要节点。

设计师通过场地分析还发现一个更加隐形的生态体系：公园里的昆虫、鸟类和两栖动物间存在着一条天然的生物链。“鸟的天堂和昆虫的王国”，这种平时人们忽视的生物体系被确定为公园的主题。设计方案强调给生态多样性体系预留足够的空间，并将公园真正的居住者（所有生物）定义为“草地公民”。

设计师为此特意在公园的中心创造了塞纳河流域不多见的大面积的草甸型野生草场和一系列的池沼，形成了一个有利于特定动植物生存的生物群落保护区，这些区域也是植物、鸟类、昆虫、鱼类的栖息地和动植物爱好者的户外观赏地。公园还引入了一个小型博物馆，旨在面向公众展示本区域的生态体系。人们可以看到自己是和哪些动植物一起共享这个自然空间，这里的人类和动植物共同成为“公园主人”。

岱禾景观事务所的创始人米歇尔·欧斯莱（Michel Hoessler）强调：“不论我们在世界的哪一个城市进行景观设计，我们都希望能够在未来的城市中构造充满活力的自然栖息地，它是我们应对目前全球气候变化以及平衡自然与城市问题时需要捍卫的韧性空间，也是我们以草地公民湿地公园为载体呈现出的主要设计理念之一。”

设计团队非常清楚公园的吸引力来自公园的活动策划，因此在活动类型的选择和接待公众的规模方面做了精准的测算，保证这些活动在长远期内不会干扰生态修复。不挑战自然洪水的力量，不侵占生物多样性空间的景观规划，慎重选择年度大型集会的主题，并鼓励开展永久性科普活动或居民日常休闲使用。通过具有长期生态效益的管理模式，草地公民湿地公园蜕变为一个科学教育基地，同时也是塞纳河畔展现自然能量和多样生活方式的生态休憩园。

（编辑/李清清）

项目名称：草地公民湿地公园

项目位置：法国卡里耶尔苏普瓦西市

业主单位：伊夫林省大区委员会（一级地方议会）

项目任务：塞纳河畔废弃采砂场修复及生态公园规划

面积：113 hm2

竞赛优胜年份：2010年

项目开始年份：2011年

项目竣工年份：2017年

牵头方景观设计团队：岱禾景观事务所

生态研究：Écosphère

场景、功能设计：Nez-Haut

动植物研究：OPIE

昆虫研究：E.DARROUZET

光合作用研究：AEU

水利研究：Hydratec

翻译：朱红、黄明莉

改革开放以来，随着中外文化艺术交流的进一步步提速，抽象美术被更多的介绍到中国。国内美术家有的也开始创作抽家美术作品。这些作品让人眼目一新，感到很美，但真能欣赏的不多，因此，尚未形成大气侯。

图片来源：
图1、4©Agence TER，图2、7、8©A. Petzold，图3©侯磊，图5©GPSEO，图6、9©Sandrie Marc，图10©emmanuel-gabily

Situated between the Seine River and the town of Carrières-sous-Poissy, the Peuple de l’Herbe Wetland Park covers 113 hm2and is the largest ecological and biological reserve in the province of Yvelines. This natural park, with its 2.8-km-long riverbank and 13-km-long walking trails, has been a popular destination for family outings, recreation,and nature observation. A former river sand farm,the site, before its renovation, was flooded and abandoned due to a century of gravel mining.The two large ponds created by the mining were also neglected and overgrown, largely affecting the scenery along the Seine. Human activity has been confined to specific areas of the area and access to the site has been prohibited during the flood season. This leads to the question of how the abandoned wetland area be rebuilt. The project to renovate the Peuple de l’Herbe Park was then launched at the suggestion of Philippe Tautou, the president of the Grand Seine Urban Community.

The Ter office, which accumulated its landscape experience in the 1990s during the master planning of the entire territory along the Seine, was selected to head the renovation of the Peuple de l’Herbe Wetland Park with an innovative concept.

Considering the site’s specific flood risks and the ecological potential of the Seine River area,the Ter team proposed the protection of a wetland area that has become rare in the region. The project does not provide any traditional partitioned embankments and assumes the position of a natural defender of the river. Drawing on the natural gravel and shallow bank morphology, the shoreline has been reconstructed with microtopography that is conducive to the free flow of the river and suitable for fish spawning. Environmental restoration areas have been repositioned to provide new locations for ecological transition zones, riparian flora, and alluvial deposits on the river banks. Public access to the riverbanks has been made easier by the addition of access roads and observatories.

The Peuple de l’Herbe Wetland Park consists of three distinctive layers: 1) A flood buffer area and remodelled river bank that accommodates riparian vegetation and alluvial sand; 2) an ecological open space converted from brownfields and temporary ponds; 3) a non-motorized path and a social activity strip which is the transition area between the park and the city.

The natural context of the river valley and the upland areas is clearly identified, creating a progressive three-part landscape entity that extends from the plain river valley to the Seine uplands,making the park a visual focal point for the ecological continuity of the Seine.

The designers’ analysis of the site also revealed a more invisible ecosystem: a rich biological chain of insects, birds, and amphibians in the park. Consequently, the new theme of the park is ‘A bird’s paradise, a kingdom of insects’, to bring to the spotlight a system of organisms that is usually overlooked. By reserving sufficient space for ecological diversity, the programme defines the true inhabitants of the park (all living beings) as citizens.

To this end, the project has intentionally created in the heart of the park large areas of steppe and a series of ponds - uncommon in the Seine River basin, which form a biotope reserve conducive to the survival of specific flora and fauna. These areas also serve as habitats for birds,flowers, and fish and as outdoor viewing areas for lovers of flora and fauna. A small museum has been built to showcase the biological systems of all inhabitants of the area, so that visitors can see which plants and animals share this natural space with them, thereby making humans, plants, and animals the “joint owners of the park”.

Michel Hössler, the founder of Ter,emphasizes: “Wherever we build our landscapes in the world, we want to create a vibrant natural habitat in the cities of the future, a resilient space that we need to defend in the face of global climate change and the balance between nature and the city.This is one of the main design concepts we want to present with the Peuple de l’Herbe Park.”

Aware that the attractiveness of the park will be largely influenced by the proposed programme,particular attention will be paid to this dimension by questioning the different spatial and temporal scales previously considered. The challenge presented here is complex: To implement a coherent programme, adapted to a natural space,which satisfies the diversity of practices related to the scales (and, therefore, to the audiences)concerned. Places will be identified as being favourable for the hosting of events (punctual or perennial), educational activities, and daily practices.Additionally, emphasis will be given to managing the reception of the public on an everyday basis,as well as during major events. The long-term impacts of the programme’s proposals will also be considered; they will not challenge the ecology or harm biodiversity. By operating smartly, the Peuple de l’Herbe Wetland Park will become a base for scientific education, a ready display of natural energy on the banks of the Seine, and an ecological retreat for a diversity of living beings.

(Editor / LI Qingqing)

Project:The Peuple de l’Herbe Wetland Park

Location:Carrières-sous-Poissy, France

Client:General Council of Yvelines

Mission:Planning of the ecological park of the restoration of abandoned sand quarries on the banks of the Seine

Surface:113 hm2

Competition Year:2010

Implementation Year:2011

Finish Year:2017

Lead Design Team:Agence TER

Ecologists:Ecosphere

Technical Design:Infraservices

Scenographers:Nez Haut

Flora and Fauna Research:OPIE

Hydrogeologists:E.Hydratech

Consulting Engineers:AEU

Translators:ZHU Hong, HUANG Mingli

Sources of Figures:Fig. 1, 4©Agence TER; Fig. 2, 7, 8©A. Petzold; Fig. 3©Hou Lei; Fig. 5©GPSEO; Fig. 6, 9©Sandrie Marc;Fig. 10©emmanuel-gabily

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