从城市对人改变的两面性分析《嘉莉妹妹》On the Dual Influence of City Life on People in Sister Carrie 论文题目(Title) 从城市对人改变的两面性分析《嘉莉妹妹》 On the Dual Influence of City Life on People in Sister Carrie 中心论点：
本文通过《嘉莉妹妹》中嘉莉到城市后的变化引出了对现在越来越多的年轻人在节奏快、竞争大的城市生活中所发生的正面和负面的改变的思考。《嘉莉妹妹》作为西奥多·德莱赛的第一部小说，创作背景是二十世纪初的美国，自由资本主义蓬勃发展并进入兴盛时期，美国从一个以农业为主的社会变成了一个以城市为中心的社会。随着城市的飞速发展和经济的繁荣，丰富物质供给刺激着消费，助长了人们对金钱的渴望和崇拜。这种消费意识形态强调花费和物质，它一面使有些人奋起拼搏，为自己想要的生活而努力，一面又使有些人削弱了勤俭、节约、自控等传统道德标准，失去自我。

Thesis Statement：
The Changes of Carrie in the city reveal that the fate of more and more young people in the big city is largely influenced positively and negatively by the fast-paced life and the pressure from competition. As the first novel of Theodore Dreiser, Sister Carrie was created in the early twentieth century, when free capitalism of the United States flourished and reached the peak stage, and the United States converted from an agricultural society to an industrial one. With the rapid development of city and the prosperity economy, rich material supply stimulated consumption and contributed to people＇s desire and worship for money. This ideology of consumption emphasizes the cost and material thing, which makes some people struggle to work hard for their desired life, while some people weakened the traditional moral standards such as thrift, saving, self-control, etc. and lose oneself. 本研究目的和意义: 目的：《嘉莉妹妹》是美国现实主义作家德莱塞的重要作品之一，从城市对人改变的两面性的视角对这部经典进行分析，让这部作品给予我们更多新的现实意义的思考和启示，尤其让许多包括笔者在内的年轻人对我们进城后不同的生活环境给心理和行为造成的影响有新的认知、理解和思考。

The purpose and significance of the study: The purpose：Sister Carrie is one of the most important works of American realistic writer Dreiser. This work gives us more thinking and inspiration of new practical significance through the perspective on the dual influence of city life on people to analyze the classic work，especially it gives many young people including the author an important understanding and thinking about different living environment which brought psychological and behavioral impact foe the newcomer of city life. 意义：当前我们国家正在大力加快城市化步伐，通过城市对人的改变的两面性的视角分析《嘉莉妹妹》，让我们对大批量农民工（特别是年轻人）进城发展中遇到的环境和心理的问题能够有更深入的认知，让我们思考如何在花红酒绿、物欲横流中勿忘初心，努力奋斗，迎难而上而不失去自我。

Significance: At present, our country is vigorously accelerating the pace of urbanization. through the perspective on the dual influence of city life on people to analyze Sister Carrie, We will have more in-depth understanding about the problem of the environment and the psychology what large quantities of migrant workers (especially young people) into the city face to, let us think about how to hard work and maintain the beginning of the heart, and strive to face difficulties and not lose ourselves in materialistic society. 本研究的理论意义（国内外文献综述）: 1国外研究状况：
西格蒙德.弗洛伊德（1923）在《自重（1923）中提出我与本我》中分析嘉莉的人格结构提出“人格三部结构说”,即人格是由本我（Ld），自我（Ego），和超我（Superego）三部分构成。

亚伯拉罕.马斯洛（1954）在《动机与人格》中把自我实现定义为“一个人对自己才赋和性格的充分发挥和利用，即一种成为理想的自我愿望。

蕾切尔•鲍尔比（1985）在《德莱赛、吉辛、左拉作品中的消费文化》中运用消费主义观点，分析了《嘉莉妹妹》中城市的消费文化对嘉莉命运的影响。

艾琳·盖牟（1994）在《自然主义的性力量》中的第四章探讨了《嘉莉妹妹》中所反应的女性的性力量在现代消费社会和大众文化中的作用，并认为嘉利身上完美地体现了20世纪的女性消费文化。

德国摄影师迈克尔.沃尔夫（2016）作品反映了蚁族另一面：城市很大，生活很小的现状，目前正进行名为“非正式解决方案”（Informal solutions）的展览。

The theoretical significance of this study (domestic and foreign literature review): Foreign: Sigmund Freud (1923) analyzed Carrie＇s personality structure in self-respect (1923) made me and the self and proposed “personality three structure theory“, that personality is made by three parts contain Ld, Ego, and Superego. Abraham Maslow (1954) defines self-actualization as “a full play and use of one＇s own endowment and disposition, that is, one＇s self-desire to be ideal“ in Motivation and Personality . Rachel Bowlby (1985) in Just Looking: consumer culture in Dresser, Gissing and Zola analyzed the relationship between the consumption culture of the city and the fate of Carrie by using the consumerist view in Carrie Sister. Irene Gammel (1994) in the fourth chapter of Sexualizing Power in Naturalism discussed the role of female sexual force in modern consumption society and popular culture, and thought that Carrie embodies the female consumption culture of the 20th century perfectly. The German photographer Michael Wolfe (2016) reflected the other side of the ant: the city is very large, the status of life is very small, he is currently holding an exhibition named Informal solutions. 2 国内研究状况 王钢华(2002)在《嘉莉妹妹的欲望和驱动力》中借用了拉康的新精神分析学理论对女主人公进行心理分析，从她为满足基本生理需要而忧虑，到她对理想自我的塑造，最后到她无穷无尽的欲望进行解析。

刘蔚馨（2011）在《城市：弥漫的欲望》中从小说中的环境描写入手,分析了城市与消费主义的内在联系,揭示了小说中人物的欲望和命运与城市环境的关系。

李智（2013）在《嘉莉妹妹中环境对人物命运的决定性》中从动态环境和静态环境这两个角度分析了环境对人物命运的决定性影响,体现了作者的自然主义观点。

黄淑琴（2014）在《解读嘉莉妹妹中两种对立的道德价值取向》中从主要人物分析入手，结合当时特定历史文化背景，分析文中双重道德价值倾向。

邓俊娥（2014）在《环境决定嘉莉妹妹的命运》中通过分析每次社会环境的变化对嘉莉价值观的改变和人生命运的改变得出环境决定嘉莉的命运的结论。

Domestic: Wang Ganghua (2002) applied LaKang＇s new psychoanalytic theory to analyze psychoanalysis of the heroine in《嘉莉妹妹的欲望和驱动力》,The author made an analysis on her worries to meet the basic physiological needs to her ideal self-shaping to her endless desire finally. Liu Weixin (2011) in 《城市：弥漫的欲望》analyzed the inner relationship between city and consumerism, and revealed the relationship between the destiny of the characters in the novel and the urban environment by starting from the description of the environment. LiZhi (2013) in《嘉莉妹妹中环境对人物命运的决定性》analyzed the decisive influence of environment on the destiny of characters from two aspects: dynamic environment and static environment, and embodied the author＇s naturalistic view. Huang Shuqin (2014) in 《解读嘉莉妹妹中两种对立的道德价值取向》analyzed the dual moral values tendencies in novel by starting from the analysis of the main characters and combining with the specific historical and cultural background at that time, the analysis of dual moral values tendencies. Deng Jun＇e (2014) in《环境决定嘉莉妹妹的命运》got the conclusion that the environment decided the fate of Carrie by analyzing Carrie’s values and the fate of life will be changed every time the social environment changes. 本研究的问题、理论、方法和视角：
问题：1.结合《嘉莉妹妹》分析农村年轻人入城如何受城市大环境影响？ 2.所受影响是正面影响还是负面影响?或两者皆有？ 理论：人格异化理论 方法：社会调查、文献参考。

视角：城市快节奏生活环境对人心理的影响。

The questions、 theory、methodology and perspective of the study: Questions: 1. How the young people in rural areas are affected by the urban environment in Sister Carrie? 2. Are the impacts positive or negative, or both? Theory: Theory of Personality Alienation. Methodology: Social survey, literature reference. Perspective: The influence of urban fast - paced living environment on human psychology. 本研究的主要观点和重难点: 主要观点：
城市中节奏快、压力大的环境会对人们造成正面或者负面的影响。

重点：
通过对《嘉莉妹妹》中嘉莉的改变而引发对现代年轻人进城后心理状态和生活状况发生的改变的思考。

难点：
主观上，由于学业和时间原因，不能实地考察和收集更全面的资料。  客观上，调查问卷分析出来的结果，由于数据有限，得到的数据可能不是那么全面。

The main points of this study and the difficulties: Main point of view: The city＇s fast-paced and stressful environment will cause a positive or negative impact on people. Emphasis: The Changes of Carrie in the city reveal the thinking about young people in the big city is largely influenced positively and negatively by the fast-paced life and the pressure from competition. Difficulty: Subjectively, I cannot investigate on the field because of my study and lacking enough time. Objectively, with the limit of data, the findings may not be comprehensive enough. 提纲 (Outline): 1. 绪论 1.1选题的背景 1.2研究的现实意义 1.3什么是城市？本论文的两面性指什么？ 2．文献综述 2.1《嘉莉妹妹》作品和作者简介 2.2与本论文相关的文献介绍 2.3结合文献和现实综合分析 3.正文写作 3.1有关嘉莉 3.1.1嘉莉乡下入城的大致经历和心路历程 3.1.2嘉莉在城市生活中得到和失去的 3.1.3后人对嘉莉的看法 3.2城乡经济发展不平衡的现状 3.2.1年轻人初到大城市的生活环境和心理 3.2.2城市给人的正面影响——拼搏、奋斗 3.2.3城市给人的负面影响——迷失、沉沦 4.总结 给出倡导，勇敢追梦，但切勿迷失本真 Outline: 1. Introduction 1.1 Background of the topic 1.2 The practical significance of the study 1.3 The duality of city life 2. Literature review 2.1 Introduction to the author and the work 2.2 Literature review 2.3 Comprehensive analysis the relationship between literature and the reality 3. Text writing 3.1 Introduction to Carrie 3.1.1 Carrie’s general experience from countryside into the city 3.1.2 Carrie’s city life 3.1.3 The views to Carrie of descendants 3.2 The status of imbalance between urban and rural economic development 3.2.1 The living environment and psychology of many young people first arrived in the big city 3.2.2 The positive impact 3.2.3 The negative impact 4. Summary Give advocacy, brave the dream, but do not get lost in the city life 写作进程 (Schedule): 2016/9/20-10/7 确定论文方向，导师沟通，开始搜集资料；

2016/10/10-10/25 确定题目，搜集资料，完成开题报告；

2016/11/1-11/15 完成第一章和第二章 2016/11/18-11/28 完成第三章 2016/11/30-12/15 完成第四章 2016/12/18-12/30 完成第五第六章 2017/1/1-1/10 交初稿，与导师修改初稿 2016/9/20-10/7 The main direction of study has been determined and consult with tutor. 2016/10/10-10/25 The title of study has been made and began to search the data to finish the proposal 2016/11/1-11/15 Finish the Chapter One and Chapter Two 2016/11/18-11/28 Finish the Chapter Three 2016/11/30-12/15 Finish the Chapter Four 2016/12/18-12/3 Finish the Chapter Five and Six 2017/1/1-1/10 Hand in the first draft 参考书目(References): ［1］Theodore Dreiser. Sister Carrie［M］.America: Bantam books,Inc,1982 ［2］邓俊娥.环境决定嘉莉妹妹的命运［J］.南昌：南昌教育学院学报，2014 ［3］黄淑琴.解读《嘉莉妹妹》中两种对立的道德价值取向［J］.齐齐哈尔师范学院学报，2015 ［4］胡宗峰, 靳怀芳.“新女性”的背后——从女性主义的角度看《嘉莉妹妹》［J］.浙江万里学院学报，2005 ［5］蒋道超.德莱塞研究［M］.上海：上海外语教育出版社，2003 ［6］纪晓岚.试论城市环境的影响与作用［J］.现代城市研究官网 ［7］刘蔚馨.城市：弥漫的欲望［J］.剑南文学下半月，2011年第6期 ［8］李智.《嘉莉妹妹》中环境对人物命运的决定性［J］.金田，2013 ［9］李星霓.现代城市的两面性［M］.重庆师范大学出版社，2008 ［10］王刚华.嘉莉妹妹的欲望和驱动力［J］.外国文学研究, 2002 ［11］许汝祉.德莱塞.嘉莉妹妹［M］.山西：北岳文艺出版社，1996 ［12］西奥多德莱塞.嘉莉妹妹［M］.北京：外文出版社, 2008 ［13］小山.城市环境与居民心理［J］.杭州师范大学学报（社会科学版） 指导教师意见：
本文通过城市对人的改变的两面性的视角分析《嘉莉妹妹》，让我们对大批量农民工（特别是年轻人）进城发展中遇到的环境和心理的问题能够有更深入的认知，让我们思考如何在花红酒绿、物欲横流中勿忘初心，努力奋斗，迎难而上而不失去自我。选题符合要，解构合理，对当前的年轻人具有的现实指意义。

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