学前教育专科《学前儿童发展心理学》练习题答案 职业技能实训一 1         (单选题)下列属于幼儿心理发展一般特点的是（心理活动及行为的无意性 ）。

　2         (单选题)保育员道德品行素质首先表现为完善健全的（人格） 3         (单选题)婴幼儿（3-4岁）时说谎为正常现象。

　4         (单选题)孩子在初入园时所表现出的不适应行为主要是由于（分离焦虑）造成的。

　5         (单选题)幼儿的需要主要有生理的需要、活动的需要、认识的需要、爱的需要、（受人尊重的需要）等。

　6         (单选题)幼儿情绪的一般特点是易冲动、（易变化）、易受感染和易外露。

　7         (单选题)高级情感主要是指（理智感）、道德感和美感。

　8         (单选题)婴儿生理性流涎发生的原因是（唾液腺发育完善，唾液分泌旺盛）。

　9         (单选题)婴儿（ 动作）的发展是指大肌肉和小肌肉动作的发展。

　10       (单选题)幼儿情绪的一般特点是易冲动、（ 易变化）、易受感染和易外露。

　11       (单选题)高级情感主要是指理智感、道德感和（情绪）。

　12       (单选题)幼儿的（ 社会关系）主要表现在两个方面，与同龄伙伴的关系和与成人的关系。

　13       (单选题)幼儿常见的社会行为主要有（反抗、竞争、模仿、学习）等。

　14       (单选题)影响幼儿能力发展的因素主要有先天和后天的影响、（遗传和技能的影响）和性格的影响。

　15       (单选题)记录（ 个别儿童的情况）的主要内容是记录体弱儿童的身体和活动情况以及个别需要帮助的儿童的情况。

　16       (单选题)深入学习教育学、心理学、教育方法等知识，把教育理论的最新研究成果引入教学过程是（积极进取，开拓创新）的基本要求。

　17       (单选题)造成幼儿（吃）的原因除了生理缺陷外，还常常是由于心理原因和幼儿模仿等引起的。

　18       (单选题)（同伴交往）在幼儿发展中的作用主要表现在（）?(1)可以满足幼儿的心理需要，(2)有助于幼儿认知能力的发展；(3)有助于发展幼儿的自我意识。

　19       (单选题)儿童入学的学习适应困难主要表现在学习能力、学习习惯与态度等（非智力因素）上。

　20       (单选题)幼儿衔接工作主要是培养（入学的适应性）而非小学化。

　21       (单选题)高级情感主要是指理智感、（道德感）和美感。

　22       (单选题)下列属于幼儿基本情绪的是（ 快乐）。

　23       (单选题)深入学习教育学、心理学、教育方法等知识，把教育理论的最新研究成果引入教学过程是（积极进取，开拓创新）的基本要求。

　24       (单选题)造成幼儿（ 吃）的原因除了生理缺陷外，还常常是由于心理原因和幼儿模仿等引起的。

　25       (单选题)下列属于幼儿基本情绪的是（快乐）。

　26       (单选题)（同伴交往）在幼儿发展中的作用主要表现在(1)可以满足幼儿的心理需要，(2)有助于幼儿认知能力的发展；(3)有助于发展幼儿的自我意识。

　27       (单选题)儿童入学的学习适应困难主要表现在学习能力、学习习惯与态度等（ 非智力因素）上。

　28       (单选题)对有规则游戏的指导要求保育员做到精心设计和选择游戏；（激发游戏的情绪）。

　29       (单选题)学习是指由于经验的积累而发生的一种行为上的变化，表现为在知识上的丰富，能力上的增长，技能上的娴熟和（适应环境）等方面的进步。

　30       (单选题)对有规则游戏的指导要求保育员做到精心设计和选择游戏；（激发游戏的情绪）。

　31       (单选题)幼儿情绪的一般特点是（易冲动）、易变化、易受感染和易外露。

　32       (单选题)学习是指由于经验的积累而发生的一种行为上的变化，表现为在知识上的丰富，能力上的增长，技能上的娴熟和（适应环境）等方面的进步。

　33       (单选题)幼儿情绪的一般特点是（易冲动）、易变化、易受感染和易外露。

　34       (单选题)下列属于心理发展的特点的是：（社会性） 35       (单选题)认母的关键期是;（5-6个月） 36       (单选题)儿童基本具备想象的基础是在（1.5-2岁） 37       (单选题)不属于儿童口吃的原因的是（暗示） 38       (单选题)“三座山试验”的设计者是（皮亚杰） 39       (单选题)1岁半的儿童只能集中注意：（5-8分钟） 40       (单选题)顶叶属于：（体觉中枢） 41       (单选题)使用排除法时，小班的图片为（4张） 42       (单选题)儿童大脑中接受，加工和保持信息的结构是（后脑） 43       (单选题)认为儿童的思维不是单纯地来自客体，也不是单纯地来自主体，而是来自主体对客体的动作，是主体与客体相互作用的结果。这是（皮亚杰）的观点。

　44       (单选题)儿童从很早开始就因为不同的行为而受到奖励与惩罚。他们通过对别人的观察学会期待与性别角色相符的行为。这是（社会学习理论）的观点. 45       (单选题)由于照顾者总是与满足婴儿的食物需要相联结，减少了饿这个基本的内驱力，从而使照顾者获得了二级强化，成了满足婴儿需要的客体。这是（社会学习理论）关于依恋的看法。

　46       (单选题)影响心理发展的因素问题上,（斯腾 ）是二因素论者. 47       (单选题)（ 吉布森）发明了一种称为“视崖“的装置来研究婴儿的深度知觉. 48       (单选题)德国理学家（斯腾）最早提出了智商的概念. 49       (单选题)具体运算阶段的儿童指（6-7到11-12岁）儿童. 50       (单选题)（ 斯金纳）认为强化是儿童获得语言的主要机制. 51       (单选题)（勒纳伯格）认为语言发展存在关键期. 52       (单选题)（4岁 ）儿童已经能够调整自己的言语以适应不同的听者. 53       (单选题)在（7-9月）期间,婴儿对陌生人的出现表露出不安——怯生. 54       (单选题)（本我）是人格中最原始、最难接近的最基本的成分. 55       (单选题)（信息加工理论）非常注重对错误进行分析,通过检查儿童的非正确答案以证实他们在解决问题时可能使用了不成熟水平策略. 56       (单选题)（2岁）时婴儿已经具有稳定的延迟模仿能力,这使观察学习在儿童发展过程中成为日趋有效的学习途径. 57       (单选题)儿童沟通技能的发展非常迅速,到（2岁末）,已达到惊人的成熟水平. 58       (单选题)感觉运动阶段的儿童年龄为（0到2岁 ）. 59       (单选题)皮亚杰使用的独特的研究方法称为（临床法）. 60       (单选题)（ 皮亚杰）是典型的阶段论者. 61       (多选题)健康人格的基本特征有（有良好的社会适应能力；有良好的情绪状态；有良好的自我意识） 62       (多选题)吉尔福德的智力结构模式中智力活动的三个维度是（内容；过程；结果）。

　63       (多选题)关于效度的定义，正确的是（效度是反映测验的有效性的指标；效度是指测验能够准确测量其所要测量的东西的程度）。

　64       (多选题)下面关于男女性别差异的表述正确的是（ABCD）。

　65       (判断题)心理活动及行为的无意性是幼儿心理发展的一般特点之一。（对） 66       (判断题)造成幼儿口吃的原因除了生理缺陷外，还常常是由于心理原因和幼儿模仿等引起的。（对） 67       (判断题)快乐、兴趣、愤怒、知觉等属于幼儿的主要情绪。（不对） 68       (判断题)性格在幼儿发展中的作用主要表现在：(1)可以满足幼儿的心理需要；(2)有助于幼儿认知能力的发展；(3)有助于发展幼儿的自我意识。（不对） 69       (判断题)认识活动以具体形象性为主要特点是幼儿心理发展的一般特点之一。（对） 70       (判断题)婴儿心理的发展是指大肌肉和双手动作的发展。（不对） 71       (判断题)认识活动以具体形象性为主要特点是幼儿心理发展的一般特点之一。（对） 72       (判断题)婴儿心理的发展是指大肌肉和双手动作的发展。（不对） 73       (判断题)在人的整个发展过程中，遗传素质对个体发展的影响是稳定不变的。（不对） 74       (判断题)帮助孩子学会正确地表达和控制自己的情感，掌握一些常用的宣泄不良情绪的方式与方法是发展儿童人际交往能力的策略之一。（对） 75       (判断题)快乐、兴趣、愤怒、恐惧等属于幼儿基本情绪。（对） 76       (判断题)幼儿情绪的一般特点是易冲动、易变化、易受感染和易外露。（对） 77       (判断题)幼儿与成人的关系主要表现在亲子关系和师生关系。（对） 78       (判断题)所有的心理变化都称为发展.（不对） 79       (判断题)精神分析理论强调喂食情境是社会性依恋发展的关键.（对） 80       (判断题)替代强化作为一种认知过程,实际上就是观察学习的动机过程.（对） 81       (判断题)马斯洛认为,社会和教育的实践不应该用来控制儿童或使儿童适应.（对） 82       (判断题)同一性的形成与青少年期关系最为密切,是青少年的一大特点.（对） 83       (判断题)5－7岁儿童首先对自己的认识产生了性别恒常性.（对） 84       (判断题)攻击性行为没有性别差异.（不对） 85       (判断题)儿童发展实际上是家庭成员之间相互作用的一种复杂过程.（对） 86       (判断题)6岁儿童已全部掌握表示时间阶段的词.（对） 87       (判断题)对环境可控制的程度影响婴儿对陌生人的反应方式.（对） 88       (判断题)在6岁以前,儿童的自我意识处于发展的高级阶段.（不对） 89       (判断题)智力测验中,在建立儿童常模组的过程中,年龄往往是最关键的因素.（对） 90       (判断题)研究发现,早期依恋对儿童的成长具有长期影响.（对） 91       (判断题)格赛尔的双生子爬梯实验有力地说明了生理成熟对学习技能的作用.（对） 92       (判断题)好奇心强、好问问题也是儿童理智感的特殊表现.（对） 93       (判断题)无意想象为主，有意想象开始发展是幼儿想象的特点之一。（对） 94       (判断题)思维的两个突出特点是直接性和概括性。（不对） 95       (判断题)具体形象思维是3岁前幼儿思维的主要形式。（不对） 96       (判断题)幼儿常见的社会行为主要有反抗、竞争、模仿、学习知识等。（不对） 97       (判断题)影响幼儿气质发展的因素主要有先天和后天的影响、知识和技能的影响和性格的影响。（不对） 98       (判断题)视力就是人们通常所说的视敏度，是指幼儿分辨细小物体或远距离物体细微部分的能力。（对） 99       (判断题)见察的目的性较强，不容易受外界新异刺激的干扰并能持久。（不对） 100     (判断题)直觉行动思维又叫作手和眼的思维。（对） 101     (判断题)幼儿常见的社会行为主要有反抗、竞争、模仿、攻击等。（对） 请您删除一下内容，O(∩_∩)O谢谢！！！2015年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全，电大期末考试必备小抄，电大考试必过小抄Many people have the same mixed feelings when planning a trip during Golden Week. With heaps of time, the seven-day Chinese请您删除一下内容，O(∩_∩)O谢谢！！！National Day holiday could be the best occasion to enjoy a destination. However, it can also be the easiest way to ruin how you feel about a place and you may become more fatigued after the holiday, due to battling the large crowds. During peak season, a dream about a place can turn to nightmare without careful planning, especially if you travel with children and older people. As most Chinese people will take the holiday to visit domestic tourist destinations, crowds and busy traffic are inevitable at most places. Also to be expected are increasing transport and accommodation prices, with the possibility that there will be no rooms available. It is also common that you＇ ll wait in the line for one hour to get a ticket, and another two hours at the site, to only see a tiny bit of the place due to the crowds. Last year, 428 million tourists traveled in China over the week-long holiday in October. Traveling during this period is a matter that needs thorough preparation. If you are short on time to plan the upcoming “Golden Week“ it may not be a bad idea to avoid some of the most crowded places for now.

　There is always a place so fascinating that everyone yearns for. Arxan is a place like this. The beauty of Arxan is everlasting regardless of the changing of four seasons. Bestowed by nature, its spectacular seasonal landscape and mountains are just beyond word. Arxan is a crucial destination for the recommended travelling route, “China Inner Mongolia Arxan — Hailar — Manzhouli“. It is also the joint of the four prairies across the Sino-Mongolian border, where people gravitate towards the exotic atmosphere mixed with Chinese, Russian, and Mongolia elements. As a historic site for the Yitian Battle, Arxan still embodies the spirit of Genghis Khan. Walking into Arxan, you will be amazed by a kaleidoscope of gorgeous colors all the year round -- the Spring azaleas blooming red in the snow, the Summer sea wavering blue in the breeze, the Autumn leaves painted in yellow covering volcanic traces, and the Winter woods shining white on the vast alpine snowscape. Hinggan League Arxan city is situated in the far eastern area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Its full name “Haren Arxan“ means “hot holy water“ in the Mongolian language. Arxan is a tourism city in the northern frontier with a blend of large forest, grand prairies, vast snowfield, heaven lake cluster, thermium, as well as volcanic cluster. It is a rare and unique ecotourism base filled with healthy sunshine, clean air and unspoiled green.  Nestled close to the country＇s largest virgin forest, and known for its spring and ecological environment, Arxan is marveled at by many tourists as the purest land on earth.  You cannot miss out the Autumn of Arxan. It is definitely the best with brightly-colored scenery full of emotions.  Autumn in the northern part of the country comes earlier than the South. A September rain followed by the footprints of Autumn brings more colors to the once emerald green mountain and blooming grassland.  Shutterbugs flock to see for themselves the marvel of splendid colors around the mountains and waters, many of whom have travel a long distance and even camp here only to capture a moment of the nature wonder.  The silver birch turns golden, while the larch is still proudly green. You will find yourself drowned in the intoxicating red of the wild fruits as well as the glamour of flowers in full blown. And your heart will be lingering on the woods as it＇s time for the wild fruits to ripe. The picturesque Arxan in Autumn is indeed a fairyland only exists in a dream that satisfies all your fantasies. If it rains heavily on Saturday night, some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinu, or the Weaving Maid, is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang, or the Cowherd, on the Milky Way. Most Chinese remember being told this romantic tragedy when they were children on Qixi, or the Seventh Night Festival, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, which is usually in early August. This year it falls on Saturday, August 2. Folklore Story As the story goes, once there was a cowherd, Niulang, who lived with his elder brother and sister-in-law. But she disliked and abused him, and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for company. The cow, however, was a former god who had violated imperial rules and was sent to earth in bovine form. One day the cow led Niulang to a lake where fairies took a bath on earth. Among them was Zhinu, the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress. The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married. They had a son and daughter and their happy life was held up as an example for hundreds of years in China. Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor, the Supreme Deity in Taoism, marriage between a mortal and fairy was strictly forbidden. He ordered the heaven troop to catch Zhinu back. Niulang grew desperate when he discovered Zhinu had been taken back to heaven. Driven by Niulang＇s misery, the cow told him to turn its hide into a pair of shoes after it died. The magic shoes whisked Niulang, who carried his two children in baskets strung from a shoulder pole, off on a chase after the empress.

　The pursuit enraged the empress, who took her hairpin and slashed it across the sky creating the Milky Way which separated husband from wife. But all was not lost as magpies, moved by their love and devotion, formed a bridge across the Milky Way to reunite the family. Even the Jade Emperor was touched, and allowed Niulang and Zhinu to meet once a year on the seventh night of the seventh month. This is how Qixi came to be. The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 220). Traditionally, people would look up at the sky and find a bright star in the constellation Aquila as well as the star Vega, which are identified as Niulang and Zhinu. The two stars shine on opposite sides of the Milky Way. Customs In bygone days, Qixi was not only a special day for lovers, but also for girls. It is also known as the “Begging for Skills Festival“ or “Daughters＇ Festival.“ In this day, girls will throw a sewing needle into a bowl full of water on the night of Qixi as a test of embroidery skills. If the needle floats on top of the water instead of sinking, it proves the girl is a skilled embroiders. Single women also pray for finding a good husband in the future. And the newly married women pray to become pregnant quickly.

　Tradition transformed The love story of Niulang and Zhinu, and the Qixi Festival have been handed down for generations. Yet these ancient traditions and customs are slowly dying out. Many modern Chinese, particularly youngsters, seem to know more about St Valentine＇s Day on February 14, characterized by bouquets of roses, chocolates and romantic candlelight dinners, than they do about their home-grown day for lovers. Even Qixi is nowadays referred to as the “Chinese Valentine＇s Day.“ More and more young Chinese people begin to celebrate this day in a very similar way as that in western countries. Fewer people than ever will gaze at the heavens on Saturday to pick out the two stars shining bright on either side of the Milky Way, that is, if people even know on which day Qixi falls. There are ready reminders dotted about, in the form of big ads saying “Sales on Chinese Valentine＇s Day!“ in shops, hotels and restaurants. But few young women will mark the festival with their boyfriends, or take part in traditional activities to pray for cleverness.

　 A large-scale of exhibition on the Silk Road opened to the public in the National Museum on Thursday. The exhibition displays more than 400 treasures from Shaanxi province, Gansu province and 14 other regions. It is largest scale exhibition that shows the history of the Silk Road in recent years. As APEC is going on in Beijing, the exhibit aims to show the world this brilliant section of history.

　The Silk Road is a series of trade and cultural transmission routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent. It connected the West and East by linking traders, merchants, pilgrims, monks, soldiers, nomads, and urban dwellers from China and India to the Mediterranean Sea during various periods of time.

　I met my dear hubby in 2009 the second year I was in my school and it was the first year when he came here. We became colleagues. And there was nothing special happening during that year. He was just a kind and humble brother graduated from the same college as me. But we did not know each other till he became my colleague and his office desk was just in front of me. There was only a glass between us. So actually we could see each other when we both look up. But it is not the main reason that really draws us close. How we become close to each other was something seems quite natural. We went out to play badminton with other colleagues and we sometimes chatted for a while. He is a man of few words but somehow sometimes will say something really humorous. Then one day, to my great surprise, I found a pot of beautiful flower on my desk. It was just the flower I had talked about with my colleague the other day, and I thought it was her who put the flower there. But the truth is not. It was the humble guy sitting in front of me. He just simply said ,”well, I caught sight of this flower and thought that it’s beautiful and you may like it”. I wonder why I was moved because of these simple words and present. Maybe it is the sincerity and the true self that impress me. I thanked him and some colleagues walked past my desk would appreciate the beautiful flower and they noticed that something romance happened there. Then later on, there were some little surprises once in a while. Once, there was something wrong with my drawer and I had complained about it unconsciously. And he fixed it for me. Then the other day, he placed several pink diamond roses beside the flower with a piece of paper saying” I love you more than I can say! Diamond stands for marriage, rose stand for love. I hope you are mine, become my wife. You are the only girl who I really want to spend the rest of my life to stand by.” Although there were some grammar errors but I got what he meant. He meant so clear and so direct.  And actually, I accepted him some days earlier. I was just waiting for him to break the ice. So finally, the common interests and the common understanding brought us together. Some people say the relationship and the feeling will change after getting hitched. You will find that love is no longer strong and there is always lack of passion and what’s worse you may find out many bad habits of your partner, which never appear when you are first in love before the marriage. It seems that many faults turn up after you truly living together and see each other’s face the moment you open your eyes in the early morning. But after almost 4 years from now, I do not feel any negative change in our relationship. During all these years, we know each other better and we become more tolerant about each other and I realize that if you really love a person you will accept his imperfect. And what is the qualification of a good husband? Once I was chatting with my colleague about this issue. And one of the qualifications I thought was that he must be a good cook. But to my surprise, my colleague said that a good husband must be someone who makes big money. What made her think so was quite beyond me. Maybe I am not sophisticated enough and what I want is just simple life style. The most enjoyable thing is that we go to the market to buy vegetables and other daily stuffs if we both have time. Maybe he is a housebound husband and I love housebound man. And there is another reason why We love going to the market. That is because we sometimes will get some surprises. The surprise is saving little fish which are disserted by the fish mongers. Because these fish are swellfish. Then we will collect them and set them free into the river. Swellfish are lovely creature. When they look like a little submarine when they are swimming in the water and look like a meat ball when you hold them in your hand. And if they are scared, they will swell and look like a little ball. Every time we see them swim away and we feel their happiness of returning home and this also make us cherish life. Maybe some will consider these behavior as something childish. Well, that is fine with us. We love doing these together and feel happy that is what it is all about. My dear hubby is a kind hearted man and he love animals just as I do. I am lucky to have someone who can be both my intimated soul mate and my forever friend.